Our study examined the impact of daylight (photophase) wavelength on the photoentrainment sensitivity of two species with vastly different visual systems. Social voles (Microtus socialis) and 'blind' mole rats (Spalax ehrenbergi) were exposed to short-wavelength (479 nm) or long-wavelength (697 nm) light at an intensity of 293 μW cm(-2). Rhythms of urine production, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin...

Light absorption by macular pigment may attenuate visual discomfort, or photophobia, for targets composed of short-wavelength light. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and photophobia light thresholds were measured psychophysically in 10 subjects. The energy necessary to induce photophobia for a short-wavelength target relative to a long-wavelength target was linearly related to MPOD, as we...

It has generally been accepted that plant photosynthesis involves two light reactions, one that proceeds best in short-wavelength light and is identified with oxygen evolution (System II) and another that proceeds best in long-wavelength light and is identified with a cycle electron flow (System I). This paper presents a concept of three light reactions in photosynthesis, based on new evidence ...

in this article, we suggested a novel design of polarization splitter based on coupler waveguide on inp substrate at 1.55mm wavelength. photonic crystal structure is consisted of two dimensional (2d) air holes embedded in inp/ingaasp material with an effective refractive index of 3.2634 which is arranged in a hexagonal lattice. the photonic band gap (pbg) of this structure is determined using t...

We show that human ability to discriminate the wavelength of monochromatic light can be understood as maximum likelihood decoding of the cone absorptions, with a signal processing efficiency that is independent of the wavelength. This work is built on the framework of ideal observer analysis of visual discrimination used in many previous works. A distinctive aspect of our work is that we highli...