Today, tens of thousands of children are thought to be involved with armed groups in conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Mali, Nigeria, Yemen, Central African Republic, Libya, and elsewhere. How and why do children become associated with non-state armed groups (NSAGs) in these conflicts, and what helps or hurts their chances of exiting from their ranks? This volume analyses the evidence for children’s mo...

This article examines the real convergence hypothesis in OPEC countries (Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela) using time series techniques and allowing for structural breaks. The main results show lack of support for income convergence in OPEC countries. We only find evidence of catch-up with the...

Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major health problem that affects the whole world. Providing information on the past state of antimicrobial resistance in Libya may assist the health authorities in addressing the problem more effectively in the future. Information was obtained mainly from Highwire Press (including PubMed) search for the period 1970-2011 using the terms 'antibiotic resist...

livestock have made major contribution to human societies by providing food, shelter, fuel, and services.  sheep and goat are economically important livestock play an important socioeconomic role for small and large farmers in libya.  small ruminant animal meat is popular for libyan customers, and demand is particularly high during religious and cultural festivals.  small ruminants is valued fo...

Migration from the global South to North is a contemporary problem with high number of casualties. This study examines challenges rehabilitation and reintegration returnee migrants Libya in Benin-city, Edo State, Nigeria. Maslow’s Human Needs theory Push-Pull migration were adopted as framework for study. Primary data was collected through use semi-structured interview guide non-participant obs...

This article examines the pattern of international migration among rural households in Edo State, Nigeria. The empirical results are based on a quantitative and qualitative survey 240 household heads. findings show that some heads sourced information with special reference to migration. assisted them guiding intending migrants from their how go about leaving country search better life. was majo...

In this paper, we empirically investigate the relationship between oil price changes and output in a group of oil exporting countries. The dynamics of business cycles in Libya, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Kuwait, Venezuela and Qatar are modeled by alternative regime switching models. We show that the extension of uni-variate Markov Switching model in order to include oil revenue improves dating busi...

T wo questionnaires were translated into Arabic and culturally adapted to measure chronic pain and neuropathic pain in the general population in Derna, Libya (1, 2), and then in a country-wide survey. A point prevalence of chronic pain and neuropathic pain in Libya was determined. The findings of this series of studies suggested that the prevalence of chronic pain in Libya, which was 19.6%, is ...

I thank Ghenghesh and colleagues for their interest and comments on the paper ‘Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: a survey of dairy cattle in Tripoli, Libya’ (1). The Libyan data presented by Ghenghesh et al. in the 1990s were based on the analysis of stool specimens from pediatric patients aged between only a few days to 3 years, admitted to one hospital and involving different enteric ...