We extend the ordinary concept of theory morphism in institutions to extra theory morphisms. Extra theory morphism map theories belonging to different institutions across institution morphisms. We investigate the basic mathematical properties of extra theory morphisms supporting the semantics of logical multiparadigm languages, especially structuring specifications (module systems) á la OBJ-Cle...

Despite the intense study it has received since its inclusion in DSM-III, multiple personality disorder (MPD) largely remains an unvalidated construct. Definitional problems remain (there is not even agreement in the field as to whether a diagnosis of MPD truly means the existence of more than one personality), while the vagueness and liberality of existing criteria give the clinician little gu...

In What Biological Functions Are and Why They Matter, Justin Garson offers a novel theory of biological functions, the generalized selected effects (GSE) theory.1 He presents in clear comprehensive way, defends it against various objections applies to different areas philosophy, including philosophy psychiatry, debate about mechanisms teleosemantic theories mental content.2 Like other proponent...

We generalise the method of diagrams from conventional model theory to a simple institution-independent (i.e. independent of the details of the actual logic formalised as an institution) framework based on a novel categorical concept of elementary diagram of a model. We illustrate the power of our institution-independent method of elementary diagrams by developing several applications to instit...

mahmoud sami baroudi, a celebrated egyptian poet was a pioneer of innovation . he could bring back the beauty and freshness to the arabic poetry. since he was brought up in a religious family and since he considered moral refinement as an output of literature, he tried to teach principles of islam in his poetry and to propagate social, religious, and moral values among people such as : romise f...

The article highlights the legal aspects and role of particular provisions simplified taxation system, which were introduced for period martial law in Ukraine with aim easing tax burden on business entities preserving financial stability country. excessive liberality legislator towards taxpayers first second groups single tax, who are required to pay at their discretion, is emphasized. It indic...

The study’s purpose was to understand and elaborate the problems of those students who were having difficulty in mathematics, as well help them boosting up their self-assurance when playing out subject. This study sought answer following questions: (1) What are that encounter Mathematics? (2) Why they (3) possible ways for cope with We used qualitative support analysis, particularly phenomenolo...

GeneraVs Office, United States Army, Vol. X O?Pfutsch. Dr. John S. Billings, in presenting the tenth volume of this magnificent undertaking, states that it " includes 7,658 author-titles, representing 2,905 volumes and 7,282 pamphlets. It also includes 14,265 subject-titles of separate books and pamphlets and 29,421 titles of articles in periodicals." One of the easiest methods of testing the c...