Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disease in world, develops due to decreased dopamine levels basal ganglia. Levodopa, a precursor used treatment of can be as drug delivery system. This study presents an approach use 3D-printed levodopa-loaded neural tissue scaffolds produced with polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CS) for disease. Surface morphology pore sizes were...

BACKGROUND Recent case reports and letters have alerted practitioners to the risk of sleep attacks, usually preceded by somnolence, in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with pramipexole and ropinirole. OBJECTIVE To quantify the risk of somnolence with the new dopamine agonists pramipexole and ropinirole in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Inter...

During the past decade, a number of large drug trials suggested that the initiation of levodopa therapy should be delayed to reduce the risk of motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, the relative contribution of the cumulative exposure to levodopa and of disease progression to the pathophysiology of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias is still poorly understood. In th...

OBJECTIVES Transdermal delivery of rotigotine maintains stable plasma concentrations for 24 hours. Three phase 3 studies of rotigotine as add-on to levodopa in advanced Parkinson's disease showed a significant reduction in "off" time from baseline to end of maintenance (EoM). However, detailed analyses over the range of a day have not yet been performed. The objective was to examine the time co...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dopamine agonists (DAs) are generally considered to be deprived of the highly dyskinetic effect of levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, the risk for dyskinesia induced by DA monotherapy and the contribution of clinically significant factors in the development of this disorder have never been systematically assessed. METHODS A systematic literature sea...

BACKGROUND Modulation of neurogenesis that acts as an endogenous repair mechanism would have a significant impact on future therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies demonstrated dopaminergic modulation of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain. Levodopa, the gold standard therapy for PD, causes an increase in homocysteine levels that induces...

OBJECTIVES The effects of levodopa on articulatory dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease remain inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the effects of levodopa on isolated vowel articulation and motor performance in patients with moderate to severe Parkinson's disease, excluding speech fluctuations caused by dyskinesia. METHODS 21 patients (14 males and 7 females) and 21 age-...

BACKGROUND Dyskinesias are a frequent adverse effect of long-term levodopa therapy. The relative contribution of dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptor function to the pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias remains a matter of controversy. OBJECTIVE To establish whether a selective D(1) dopamine agonist induces more or less dyskinesia than levodopa in primed dyskinetic patients with Parkins...

BACKGROUND Marijuana use is prevalent among patients with cocaine dependence and often non-exclusionary in clinical trials of potential cocaine medications. The dual-focus of this study was to (1) examine the moderating effect of baseline marijuana use on response to treatment with levodopa/carbidopa for cocaine dependence; and (2) apply an informative-priors, Bayesian approach for estimating t...

objective(s): the aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant and methyl donor effects of betaine in cerebellum following levodopa and benserazide administration in rats. materials and methods: sprague-dawley male rats were treated with levodopa (ld), betaine (bet), levodopa plus betaine (ld/bet), levodopa plus benserazide (ld/ben), levodopa plus betaine-benserazide (ld/bet-ben), and t...