Leishmaniasis is a major health problem in some endemic areas and yet, no vaccine is available against any form of the disease. Historically, leishmanization (LZ) which is an inoculation of individual with live Leishmania, is the most effective control measure at least against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Due to various reasons, LZ is not used today. Several live attenuated Leishmania have bee...

Leishmania are obligate intracellular vector-borne parasites that cause significant morbidity and mortality in many countries worldwide. There are several species of the parasite which vary according to geographical location and cause a variety of clinical syndromes ranging from self-limiting cutaneous lesions to potentially fatal infection of the viscera. The disease manifested is dependent on...

Leishmaniasis is a vector-born protozoan disease. Approximately 12 million individuals are affected worldwide with an estimated annual incidence of 1.5-2 million. Two clinical manifestations are recognized, cutaneous, and visceral, both of which are common in the Middle East. In both forms, infection is chronic, with potential deformities, persistence following cure, and lifelong risk of reacti...

an inoculation of virulent leishmania major is known as leishmanization (lz) which is proven to be the most effective control measure against cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). however, using lz is restricted due to various side effects such as uncontrolled lesion development. in the present research, the efficacy of cationic nanoliposomes containing cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg odn) as an improve...

zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is hyperendemic in the rural areas, north and east of the city of isfahan in the central region of iran. attempts to control the disease by different methods have all failed. a field trial showed that the effectiveness of leishmanization was successful in a limited part of this area. in february 1982 and 1983, more than 80,000 persons were inoculated. our evalua...

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is hyperendemic in the rural areas, north and east of the city of Isfahan in the central region of Iran. Attempts to control the disease by different methods have all failed. A field trial showed that the effectiveness of leishmanization was successful in a limited part of this area. In February 1982 and 1983, more than 80,000 persons were inoculated. Our e...

Many investigators believe that immunotherapy will be the only selected treatment for leishmaniasis in the future. Leishmanization, vaccination or injection of stimulating mediators are among various forms of immunotherapy. In this pilot study, 5 volunteers with cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L.tropica were treated with 4 weekly intralesional injections of autologous buffy coat. Cytological and...