SINCE its initial description,' transseptal left heart catheterization has been increasingly used as a diagnostic and a research technic. While refinements in instrumentation have emerged 2, 3 the method of septal puncture has remained unchanged. The original description of septal puncture required that the catheter and needle assembly be positioned in the right atrium at a point near the junct...

A posterior ledge at the bladder neck was seen in 158 patients (107 of whom were undergoing intermittent catheterization) on a sonographic voiding cystourethrogram. In 117 patients, the ledge was 0.5 cm or longer; 66 patients were on intermittent catheterization, and 51 experienced difficulty with catheterization, including vigorous bleeding in 4. Ledges less than 0.5 cm were discovered in 41 p...

Ledge formation, that is the iatrogenically created irregularity in the root canal that impedes access of instruments to the apex, and canal blockage caused by packing dentin chips and/or tissue debris are the least-studied parameters of root canal instrumentation. Variables associated with ledge formation and canal blockage by dentin chips and/or tissue debris are presented. Emphasis is given ...

245 Abstract—We present two-dimensional simulations of onefinger power InGaP/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) before and after both electrical and thermal stress aging. It is well known that GaAs-HBTs with InGaP emitter material can be improved with respect to reliability if the emitter material covers the complete p-doped base layer forming outside the active emitter the so-calle...

Escaping from predators often demands that animals rapidly negotiate complex environments. The smallest animals attain relatively fast speeds with high frequency leg cycling, wing flapping or body undulations, but absolute speeds are slow compared to larger animals. Instead, small animals benefit from the advantages of enhanced maneuverability in part due to scaling. Here, we report a novel beh...

.............................................................................................................................ii Acknow ledge m ents ......................................................................................................... iii Dedication ......................................................................................................................... iii Bi...

Kelp forests provide important ecosystem services, yet coastal kelp communities are increasingly altered by anthropogenic impacts. Kelp forests in remote, offshore locations may provide an informative contrast due to reduced impacts from local stressors. We tested the hypothesis that shallow kelp assemblages (12-15 m depth) and associated fish and benthic communities in the coastal southwest Gu...

When a high symmetry facet joins the rounded part of a crystal, the step line density vanishes as square root of r with r denoting the distance from the facet edge. This means that the ledge bordering the facet has a lot of space to meander as caused by thermal activation. We investigate the statistical properties of the border ledge fluctuations. In the scaling regime they turn out to be non-G...