Burn injury is a dramatic event with acute and chronic consequences including insulin resistance. However, factors associated with insulin resistance have not been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with long-term insulin resistance in pediatric burn injury survivors. The study sample consisted of 61 pediatric burn injury survivors 24 to 36 mon...

BACKGROUND Burn injury results in a chronic inflammatory, hypermetabolic, and hypercatabolic state persisting long after initial injury and wound healing. Burn survivors experience a profound and prolonged loss of lean body mass, fat mass, and bone mineral density, associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Understanding the mechanisms responsible is essential for develo...

The competition to deliver fuel e cient and environmentally friendly vehicles is driving the 1 2 Submitted to Journal of Dynamics Systems, Measurement, & Control automotive industry to consider ever more complex powertrain systems. Adequate performance of these new highly interactive systems can no longer be obtained through traditional approaches, which are intensive in hardware use and nal co...

Effective control and removal of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) emission from vehicles exhausts under lean-burn condition is one of the most important targets in scientific research of environmental protection. A comprehensive introduction of NO(x) storage and reduction (NSR), the most promising lean-NO(x) control technology, is given including the sum-up of NSR materials, catalytic activity and relat...

we report the development of different types of oxygen sensors based on yittria-stabilized zirconia (ysz) as a solid electrolyte. the conventional oxygen sensor is a concentration cell with two porous pt electrodes, one of which is exposed to air as a constant (reference) oxygen concentration and the other is exposed to automobile exhaust gas of variable oxygen concentration, depending on the a...

The usage of lean-burn engines is a promising strategy for improving the fuel economy of vehicles and reducing the emission of greenhouse gas CO2. The most complex challenge for leanburn engines is the need to find a solution for the increased levels of NOx emissions. Lean NOx trap (LNT) or NOx storage-reduction (NSR) catalysts provide a very effective method for NOx removal in lean-burn gasoli...

There is considerable technological interest in developing new fuel-flexible combustion systems that can burn fuels such as hydrogen or syngas. Lean premixed systems have the potential to burn these types of fuels with high efficiency and low NOx emissions due to reduced burnt gas temperatures. Although traditional scientific approaches based on theory and laboratory experiment have played esse...

Three-dimensional n-heptane spray flames in a swirl combustor are investigated by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS) to provide insight into realistic spray evaporation and combustion as well as relevant modeling issues. The variable-density, low-Mach number Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a fully conservative and kinetic energy conserving finite difference scheme in cylindrica...

Lean burn mode of direct injection spark ignition engines (DISI) can improve the engine's thermal efficiency. However, it showed slow flame propagation and combustion instabilities which are strongly related to mixture distribution. Multiple injections control over in-cylinder charge distribution consequently on mode. Additionally, multiple reduce spray impingement enhance turbulence in compres...