Livestock production is a major consumer of fresh water, and the influence of livestock production on global fresh water resources is increasing because of the growing demand for livestock products. Increasing water use efficiency of livestock production, therefore, can contribute to the overall water use efficiency of agriculture. Previous studies have reported significant variation in livesto...

Manipulating or shifting annual grapevine growing cycle to offset limitations imposed by global warming is a must today, and delayed winter pruning is a tool to achieve it. However, no information is available about its physiological background, especially in relation to modifications in canopy phenology, demography and seasonal carbon budget. Mechanistic hypothesis underlying this work was tha...

The hypothesis is that incorporating saline soil with biochar or compost reduces the deteriorating effects of salinity. pot experiment was irrigated waters different salinities (4.5 and 9 dS m-1) a silty clay in pots thoroughly mixed 1.5% w/w biochar, municipal solid waste mixtures 0.5 × 0.5% two mentioned substances. Irrigation provided to realize 0.15 leaching fractions for equilibrating Soil...

Measurements of cloud liquid water properties are important in a wide range of disciplines including climate change, numerical weather prediction (NWP) and aircraft icing. A variety of remote sensing techniques have been developed to address this need, including both visible/infrared and microwave methods. Unlike visible and infrared radiation, microwaves with frequencies of 90 GHz and less are...

Increased water scarcity necessitates the implementation of water-conserving irrigation management practices to sustain crop production, especially in water-limited areas. Field experiments were conducted evaluate midday leaf potential (LWP) bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) irrigated differentially using surface drip (DI) and subsurface (SDI) systems during 2016 2017 growing seasons...

Increases in cloud optical depth and liquid water path (LWP) are robust features of global warming model simulations in high latitudes, yielding a negative shortwave cloud feedback, but the mechanisms are still uncertain. We assess the importance of microphysical processes for the negative optical depth feedback by perturbing temperature in the microphysics schemes of two aquaplanet models, bot...

An over-ocean ice water path (IWP) algorithm, using satellite Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Sounder (SSM/T-2) data, is presented for clouds during the Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment. In developing the retrieval algorithm, clouds are first divided into 10 classes based on their top temperatures and microwave radiative properties. Radiative t...

[1] Data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI; years 1987–2006), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer, and a surface-based radiometer at Barrow, Alaska are examined for insights into the behavior of water vapor, cloud liquid water and rainrates over the northern high latitude seas. We evaluated two separate sets of retrievals, and achieved the best results through combining one that...

abstract low water holding capacity of soilless substrates increases water stress and waste of nutrient solution. irrigation time management can reduce such problems. in this research, responses of hydroponically cultured greenhouse strawberries were evaluated under different irrigation schedules. in first step, plant daily water need was estimated and then delivered to plants through two metho...

Cloud droplet effective radius (DER) and liquid water path (LWP) are two key parameters for the quantitative assessment of cloud effects on the exchange of energy and water. Chang and Li presented an algorithm using multichannel measurements made at 3.7, 2.1, and 1.6 m to retrieve a cloud DER vertical profile for improved cloud LWP estimation. This study applies the multichannel algorithm to th...