Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a secondary bile acid that is selectively toxic to human neuroblastoma, breast and prostate cancer cells, whilst sparing normal cells. We previously reported that LCA inhibited cell viability and proliferation and induced apoptosis and necrosis of androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated t...

A 28-day-old infant with D-transposition of the great arteries underwent arterial switch operation. The coronary pattern was Yacoub type A, in which coronary transfer is usually thought to be easy. However, a dominant conus branch diverged from the proximal portion of the left coronary artery (LCA). Moreover, the LCA ostium itself was near the remote commissure in sinus 1, very far from the tar...

Finding the lowest common ancestor of a given pair of nodes is a fundamental algorithmic problem. In this paper we study the lowest common ancestor(LCA) problem on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). A lowest common ancestor of two nodes a and b is a node c which is a common ancestor of a and b and no other node is both a common ancestor of a and b and a proper descendant of c. LCA on trees have be...

BACKGROUND Soft tissue defects of the lateral malleolus (LM) and Achilles tendon pose difficult reconstructive problems due to the bony prominence and limited local tissue available. The objectives were to study the anatomical landmarks of the lateral calcaneal artery (LCA) and patency of LCA in atherosclerotic patients. METHODS Part I: Thirty-four cadaveric feet were dissected to identify th...

The formation of covalently bound protein adducts with lithocholic acid (LCA) has been proposed as a possible explanation for the carcinogenicity and hepatotoxicity of LCA. However, no detailed study on the structure of the resulting protein bound-LCA formed in the liver has been reported. The aim of our study was to identify the cellular proteins in the liver of the bile duct-ligated rat that ...

Luce’s choice axiom (LCA) is a theory of individual choice behavior that has proven to be a powerful tool in the behavioral sciences for over 50 years. LCA is grounded in two fundamental properties: choice is probabilistic and the probability of choosing an option from one set of alternatives is related to the probability of choosing the same option from a different set. This entry reviews the ...

BACKGROUND Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe form of inherited retinal visual impairment in children. So far, mutations in more than 20 genes have been known to cause LCA and among them, RPE65 is a suitable candidate for gene therapy. The mutational screenings of RPE65 and other LCA genes are requisite in support of emerging gene specific therapy for LCA. Therefore, we have ca...

The intestinal-derived secondary bile acid (BA) lithocholic acid (LCA) is hepatotoxic and is implicated in the pathogenesis of cholestatic diseases. LCA is an endogenous ligand of the xenobiotic nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR), but there is currently no consensus on the respective roles of hepatic and intestinal PXR in mediating protection against LCA in vivo. Under the conditions re...

Goal, Scope and Background. Two methods of simplified LCA were evaluated and compared to the results of a quantitative LCA. These are the Environmentally responsible product assessment matrix developed by Graedel and Allenby and the MECO-method developed in Denmark. Methods. We used these in a case study and compared the results with the results from a quantitative LCA. The evaluation also incl...

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is a methodology for evaluating the environmental impacts associated with a product during its life cycle. LCA is identified as the most reliable method for verifying environmental impacts; however, current LCA-based approaches have certain limitations for environmental analysis of construction products. Integration of the LCA methodology with Discrete Event Simulation...