kurdistan province in the western iran possesses varied climatic and geographical conditions that led to rich biodiversity. an investigation on the status of lizards in this province was carried out from june 2010 to september 2011. a total of 73 specimens were collected and identified. the collected specimens represented four families, 10 genera, and 14 species and subspecies, including agamid...

this article discusses the german, ottoman and british rivalries to dominate the oil lands of caucasia just after the bolshevik revolution of russia and surveys the impact of above-mentioned rivalries on the general situation of region. hence, the strategic importance of the region will be discussed from the viewpoints of the three great powers. furthermore, the main military force of britain i...

â â â  the geographical territory of caucasia includes areas which have been referred to, in various forms, in geographical, historical and even literary texts. studies on the history of caucasia in different eras show that not only this region was not originally called by this name, but, later on, this name was not used for what is now modern caucasia. studies show that each part of caucasia w...

Laudakia nuristanica is one of the least-studied agamid lizards distributed in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Only 17 specimens are currently known five museum collections from two neighbouring provi...

laudakia nupta, with numerous local populations through iran, is one of the most widely distributed species of the genus laudakia in iran. eight hundred and fifty nine bp of mitochondrial nd4-trnaleu were sequenced and analyzed for 47 specimens of laudakia nupta and three specimens of laudakia melanura, as an out-group taxon. all specimens were collected during field work in iran. based on bran...

Mongol Caucasia: Invasions, Conquest, and Government of a Frontier Region in Thirteenth-Century Eurasia (1204–1295) By Lorenzo Pubblici, translated by Andrew Smaldone. Leiden: Brill, 2022. xvi, 265 pp. ISBN: 9789004503526 (cloth). - Volume 81 Issue 4

we report observations on the natural history of lizards in the gando protected area, within the sistan and baluchestan province, iran. the identity of the lizards is recorded, along with remarks on some meristic characteristics. brief descriptions of their habitats are also given with a distribution map. lizards (n = 132) were collected and photographed in 2008-09. twelve species belonging to ...

Sexual self-incompatibility is a very salient trait of woody plants, including cacao (Theobroma L.). In this species, most commercial clones are self-incompatible and, therefore, productivity depends on pollen flow for fruit formation due to the combinatorial ability each clone accept or reject tubes in embryo sac. To determine clones, artificial (manual) pollinations were performed between sam...