The paper presents the re e tion fa ilities of the spe i ation language Slam-sl. Slam-sl is an obje t oriented spei ation language where lass methods are spe i ed by pre and post onditions. The re e tion apabilities permit managing these pre and post onditions in spe i ations what means that semanti re e tion is possible. The range of interesting appli ations is very wide: formal spe i ation of...

Introduction. The current stage of development the system foreign language educa-tion in Russia takes place within framework global digitalization. Mobile learning as one its innovative tools is rapidly penetrating process mastering a language, helping to diversify and optimize for modern genera-tion students. use mobile technologies educational helps increase motivation students study at uni-v...

Automatic image captioning aims to produce a descriptive sentence about picture. For this task, we are creating model that will spit out an English sen- tence when is given as input describing the image’s subject. Scien- tists in field of cognitive computing have paid much attention it recent years. The endeavor challenging because requires merging ideas from two distinct but related discipline...

Coursebooks are normally written to contain information, instruction, exposure, and activities that learn- ers at a particular level need to enhance their communicative competence in the target language. Howev- er, many global course books make attempts to include content, topics, and texts that do not disadvantage any learner around the world. That is why global course books normally do ...

Humanizing language learning materials helps language teachers to design activities that are linked to learn- ers’ lives and experiences. This can result in higher motivation and engagement in the process of foreign language learning. Self-determination theory-based instruction enhances learners’ engagement and motiva- tion through supporting the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competen...

The paper was written on the occasion of 100th anniversary formation Krakow Department Society Friends Polish Language (established in June 1920). author briefly describes begin-nings department and its activities years 2011–2020. is based reports published Język Polski (the press organ society), documentation collected by secretary Language. article provides information struc-tural organizatio...

ABSTRACT Text mining and Information Extra tion (IE) are both topi s of signi ant re ent interest. Text mining on erns applying data mining, a.k.a. knowledge dis overy from databases (KDD) te hniques to unstru tured text. Information extra tion (IE) is a form of shallow text understanding that lo ates spe i pie es of data in natural language do uments, transforming unstru tured text into a stru...

reFLe t is a new fun tional language, developed at Intel for use in hardware design and veri ation. It ontains features intended to fa ilitate the onstru tion, analysis, and manipulation of the language's own programs. It is also intended to be the exe utable subset of the term language of a theorem prover based on higher order logi . In this paper, we onsider ore reFLe t|a language that extend...

[Se193] E. O. Selkirk. Sentence prosody: Intonation stress and phrasing. In Handbook of Phonological Theory, 1. Goldsmith, ed. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1993. [Sid79] C. Sidner. Toward a Computational Theory ofDefinite Anaphora Comprehension in English. MIT Technical Report AI-TR-537, 1979. [SMG88] A. Sanford, K. Moar, and S. Garrod. Proper names as controllers of discourse focus. Language and S...

It is general ly accepted that problem solving systems require a weal th of domain specific knowledge for effect ive performance in complex domains. This report takes the view that al l domain specific knowledge should be expresaed in a knowledge base. Wi th this in mind, the ideas and techniques from problem solving and knowledge base research are reviewed and outstanding problems are ident i ...