The increase in specific cell types represents one hallmark of metazoan evolution. It is paralleled by the acquisition of multigene families, which often encode proteins of similar structure but distinct function. One such family is represented by the intermediate filament protein (IF) family. Its members form part of the cytoskeleton of most metazoan cells. Vertebrate IF are organised into fiv...

The prevalence of preterm birth is widespread with very little understanding of its causes and no unambiguous epidemiological data for predicting its occurrence. Formed in weeks 30 to 33 of pregnancy (Wilson and Maibach, 1980), the protective epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) of the skin is essential for survival as it provides the first line of defense against infection, environmental insul...

The main structural proteins of hair fibre are keratin-associated proteins (KAPs). In association with keratin protein their content in fibre determines its quality (Jin et al., 2011). KAPs play a vital role in structural and mechanical properties of wool fibre (Liu et al., 2014). Keratin proteins are encoded by two multi gene families type I (acidic) and type II (basic), so the keratin content...

Consensual institutions that attempt to build cooperation between conflicting stakeholders are seen as a potential remedy to the pathologies of conventional environmental policy. However, few analyses have demonstrated that consensual institutions actually increase levels of cooperation, and critics accuse consensual institutions of all talk and no action. In this paper I use a quasi-experiment...

Emotions are important because they enable the selection of appropriate behavioural decisions in response to external or internal events. Techniques for understanding and assessing animal emotions, and particularly positive ones, are lacking. Emotions can be characterized by two dimensions: their arousal (bodily excitation) and their valence (negative or positive). Both dimensions can affect em...

Social capital” -in the form of generalized trust and strong civic norms prescribing cooperation in large-scale collective action settings -can improve governmental performance in three major ways. First, it can broaden governmental accountability, so that government must be responsive to citizens at large rather than to narrow interests. Second, it can facilitate agreement where political pref...

M.M. Aggarwal, A. Agnihotri, Z. Ahammed, A.L.S. Angelis, V. Antonenko, V. Arefiev , V. Astakhov , V. Avdeitchikov , T.C. Awes, P.V.K.S. Baba, S.K. Badyal, A. Baldine , L. Barabach , C. Barlag, S. Bathe, B. Batiounia , T. Bernier , K.B. Bhalla, V.S. Bhatia, C. Blume, R. Bock, E.-M. Bohne, D. Bucher, A. Buijs, E.-J. Buis, H. Büsching, L. Carlen, V. Chalyshev , S. Chattopadhyay, K.E. Chenawi, R. C...

Spin networks are endowed with an information transfer fidelity (ITF), which defines an absolute upper bound on the probability of transmission of an excitation from one spin to another. The ITF is easily computable, but the bound can be reached asymptotically in time only under certain conditions. General conditions for attainability of the bound are established, and the process of achieving t...

M.M. Aggarwal, A. Agnihotri, Z. Ahammed, A.L.S. Angelis, V. Antonenko, V. Arefiev , V. Astakhov , V. Avdeitchikov , T.C. Awes, P.V.K.S. Baba, S.K. Badyal, A. Baldine , L. Barabach , C. Barlag, S. Bathe, B. Batiounia , T. Bernier , K.B. Bhalla, V.S. Bhatia, C. Blume, R. Bock, E.-M. Bohne, D. Bucher, A. Buijs, E.-J. Buis, H. Büsching, L. Carlen, V. Chalyshev , S. Chattopadhyay, K.E. Chenawi, R. C...

the accurate estimation of reaeration rate coefficient, because of its effects on dissolved oxygen in rivers, is one of the most important initial steps of water quality management. the main goal of this paper is to evaluate the effects of reaeration rate coefficient on the river water dissolved oxygen, case study dinachal river, iran. to achieve these aims, water quality samples were collected...