municipal solid wastes (msws) vary in terms of quality and quantity, especially their toxic content. the efficient and sound disposal of msws not only needs implementing an integrated management procedure, but also performing a conservative way to reduce the impacts on resources. in the present research, after characterization of msw streams and consideration of disposal methods practiced in si...

There is considerable interest today in the so-called “biocell” approach toward municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilling in which leachate is introduced back into the landfill. This approach reduces the cost of leachate management and is said to reduce/eliminate the potential for long term landfill gas production and groundwater pollution. However, a critical review of the typical approach being...

This chapter describes the methodology used in EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (WARM) to estimate streamlined life‐cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors for asphalt shingles beginning at the waste generation reference point. The WARM GHG emission factors are used to compare the net emissions associated with asphalt shingles in the following four waste management alternatives: source reduction...

However excellent a product may be environmentally, it would not come into wide use in the economy to realize its environmental load reducing potential unless it is also economically affordable. Life-cycle costing (LCC) is a tool to assess the cost of a product over its entire life cycle, and can be regarded as an economic counterpart of LCA. A combined use of LCA and LCC would be imperative fo...

There is increasing concern about landfilling of biodegradable wastes. Therefore, biological treatment processes such as composting and biogasification have been considered as alternative strategies for managing those wastes. In this work, life cycle assessment was employed to compare the environmental impacts of landfilling, composting, and biological treatment of municipal solid waste in São ...

We model a municipal solid waste (MSW)-to-ethanol facility that employs dilute acid hydrolysis and gravity pressure vessel technology and estimate life cycle energy use and air emissions. We compare our results, assuming the ethanol is utilized as E85 (blended with 15% gasoline) in a light-duty vehicle, with extant life cycle assessments of gasoline, corn-ethanol, and energy crop-cellulosic-eth...

Storing municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills is the oldest and still the primary waste management strategy in many countries. Russia is the third largest methane (CH4) emitter country after USA and China, representing 5% of total global CH4 emissions from waste landfilling. Due to high economical growth, the amount of waste generated in Russia has risen sharply over the last ten years. Howe...