tehran the capital city of iran, with a population of about 8 million and an area of over 700 km2 is one of the most polluted metropolises in the world. tehran is suffering from a tremendous reduction in its sink capacity for absorption and assimilation of pollution which is generally due to uncontrolled urban sprawl and failure in consideration of ecological aspects into regional land use plan...

Water is a limiting factor for economic and social development in most arid semi-arid regions on Earth. The deliberate recharge of depleted aquifer storage later recovery, known as managed (MAR), an important tool water management sustainability . Increasing stresses groundwater subsequent overdrafts have sparked the several advanced MAR technologies, including soil treatment (SAT). SAT method ...

analyzing the process of land use and cover changes during long periods of time and predicting the future changes is highly important and useful for the land use managers. in this study, the land use maps in the ardabil plain in north-west part of iran for four periods (1989, 1998, 2009 and 2013) are extracted and analyzed through remote sensing technique, using the land-sat satellite images. t...

This proceeding describes the scientific approach and a preliminary validation of the visible and near infrared land Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) module for RTTOV version 11. The module provides global (at a spatial resolution of 0.1°) and monthly means land surface BRDF for any instrument with channel’s central wavelength between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. It is based on a recon...

Land use change may influence many natural phenomena and ecological processes, including runoff, soil erosion, sedimentation and soil conditions. Decreasing of forest area in the North of Iran is one of the critical problems in recent years. The aims of this study are to detect land use changes between 1967 to 2002 using satellite images of Land Sat 7 ETM+ (2002), aerial photos and digital topo...

land use change may influence many natural phenomena and ecological processes, including runoff, soil erosion, sedimentation and soil conditions. decreasing of forest area in the north of iran is one of the critical problems in recent years. the aims of this study are to detect land use changes between 1967 to 2002 using satellite images of land sat 7 etm+ (2002), aerial photos and digital topo...

Abstract Modeling studies have shown that surface air temperature (SAT) increase in response to an the atmospheric CO 2 concentration is larger over land than ocean. This so-called land–ocean warming contrast, φ , defined as land–mean SAT change divided by ocean-mean change, a striking feature of global warming. Small heat capacity unlikely sole cause because land-ocean contrast found equilibri...