BACKGROUND Information is still scarce on the birthing experience of women who participate in antenatal systematic education programs. The objective of the study was to report the experience of labor as described by nulliparous women who participated and who did not in a systematic Birth Preparation Program (BPP). METHOD A qualitative study was conducted with eleven women who participated in ...

An experimental simulation was conducted to examine potential differences in sensitivity to forces to supply and demand among male and female sextyped jobs. Respondents faced with a labor shortage favored raising salaries for male sex-typed jobs, but favored alternatives to salary increases for female sex-typed jobs at entry and middle levels Findings are discussed in terms of occupational sex ...

► We assess the impact of Spanish labor reforms that restricted the use of temporary workers. ► We study the gap between an input's value of marginal product and its price. ► Our results suggest a positive and significant impact of these reforms on the permanent labor gap. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o In the 1990s, Spain approved two labor reforms aimed at reducing the unemployment lev...

Split window (SW) methods, which have been successfully used to retrieve measurements of land surface temperature (LST) and sea surface temperature (SST) from MODIS images, were exploited to evaluate the SST data of three sections of Italian coastal waters. For this purpose, sea surface emissivity (SSE) values were estimated by adding the effects of salinity and total suspended particulate matt...

The personnel cost savings we observed were achieved primarily by using fewer people and downgrading positions. Contrary to expectations, substituting capital for labor or lower wage and benefit costs did not appear to be important sources of personnel cost savings in the competitions we examined. To accomplish work with fewer people, both contractors and government managers employed a wide var...

During vaginal delivery, several positions can be adopted by the mother to more comfortable and help labor process. The chosen are very influenced factors such as monitoring intervention during second stage of labor. However, there is limited evidence support most ideal birthing position. This work aims at contributing a better knowledge associated with widening pubic symphysis biomechanics fle...