A format-driven word recognition system is proposed for recognition of handwritten words. Unlike most traditional handwritten word recognizers being given a set of target words as lexicon, we assume that our system is given a set of format descriptions other than lexicon words. Applications of the proposed system include recognition of relatively more important keywords such as postal codes, ti...

A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

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It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...