abstract: both estrangement and alienation press in certain mental and physical complications in man’s life and force him to experience mental deficiency, and feel a lack of positive communal or individual sense of belonging. however, the jahili sense of these terms is quite different from their modern application. in the jahili period, old age and senility are the main reasons for such inconve...

A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

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It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...