A vivid imagination is one of the defining features of human mental life. A large body of research has shown that mental imagery is supported by some of the same cognitive systems that underlie perception and action (Decety, 1996; Kosslyn, Thompson, & Ganis, 2006). At the same time, our imaginations can go far beyond what is currently available in our physical environment; we can conjure up new...

A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

boolean byte class double else extends final finally float if implements int interface long native new private public return short static super synchronized this throw throws transient try void volatile while ( ) [ ] { } ; , . = Figure 1: Java keywords.

Fractal patterns abound in nature [1] and began to capture the imaginations of ecologists and animal behaviorists a little over three decades ago [2–4]. One field of study in which interest in fractal patterns has grown substantially over this time is animal movement ecology, where three basic approaches have been employed [reviewed in [5]]. Among these are (i) spatial [4,6,7] and (ii) temporal...