A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

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Field experiment was conducted for 2 seasons to study the influence of drip fertigation in combination with or without bio fertilizers on yield, plant uptake and soil fertility of Bt cotton. The treatments comprised of four levels of drip fertigation viz., 75, 100, 125 and 150 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF, NPK) combined with and without bio fertilizers, drip irrigation w...

It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...