BACKGROUND Persistent air leak after pulmonary resection is a difficult complication for thoracic surgeons to manage. OBJECTIVES To show the results of our experience treating persistent pleuropulmonary air leak with autologous blood and review the literature on this specific method of treatment. METHODS Retrospective study of patients with persistent aerial pleuropulmonary fistula treated ...

The maximum height of a siphon is generally assumed to be dependent on barometric pressure-about 10 m at sea level. This limit arises because the pressure in a siphon above the upper reservoir level is below the ambient pressure, and when the height of a siphon approaches 10 m, the pressure at the crown of the siphon falls below the vapour pressure of water causing water to boil breaking the co...

Siphons have been used since ancient times, but exactly how they work is still a matter of debate. In order to elucidate the modus operandi of a siphon, a 1.5 m high siphon was set up in a hypobaric chamber to explore siphon behaviour in a low-pressure environment. When the pressure in the chamber was reduced to about 0.18 atmospheres, a curious waterfall-like feature appeared downstream from t...

Tail shock-induced modulation of the siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia has recently been shown to have a transient inhibitory component, as well as a facilitatory component. This transient behavioral inhibition is also seen in a reduced preparation in which a cellular reflection of the inhibitory process, tail shock-induced inhibition of complex EPSPs in siphon motor neurons, is observed. The...

Numerous studies of learning and memory in Aplysia have focused on primary mechanosensory neurons innervating the siphon and having their somata in the left E (LE) cluster of the abdominal ganglion. Although systematic analyses have been made of the responses of these LE cells to mechanical stimulation of the tightly pinned siphon, little is known about corresponding responses when the siphon i...

karkhe watershed (kw) with more than 5 million hectares recently encountered many problems in the natural, social and man-made habitats. unsuitable use of land, soil erosion and lack of rainfall are the most destructive factors in this watershed affecting the whole region fundamentally. as expected, these problems have caused a considerable fall in biodiversity in fauna and flora, a decrease in...

Plasticity at central synapses has long been thought to be the most likely mechanism for learning and memory, but testing that idea experimentally has proven to be difficult. For this reason, we have developed a simplified preparation of the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex that allows one to examine behavioral learning and memory while simultaneously monitoring synaptic connections between ind...

Tandem arteriosclerotic lesions of the carotid sinus and siphon increase the risks of carotid endarterectomy; when the siphon is severely stenotic, a microvascular bypass may be the preferable procedure. Two patients, each with severe siphon stenosis and significant sinus lesions, however, were subjected to carotid endarterectomy as their initial surgical procedure. The postoperative arteriogra...

The marine mollusc Aplysia californica provides an excellent preparation with which to examine the development of the neuronal control of behavior for 2 reasons: first, adult Aplysia exhibit a variety of behaviors that are well understood in cellular terms; and second, the development of Aplysia from embryo to adult has been studied in considerable detail. Among the best understood behaviors in...

The efficient siphon computation is the key to the development of siphon-based deadlock control strategies with good performance. This work studies the computation of minimal siphons in a class of Petri nets called SPR. Firstly, we propose a function with polynomial complexity to determine whether a resource subset can generate a minimal siphon. Next, using the technique of problem partitioning...