This paper describes the strategies and techniques used by the English analysis component of the KANT Knowledgebased Machine Translation system to cope with ambiguity. The constraints for elimination of ambiguity are distributed across the various knowledge sources in the analyzer. As a result, efficiency in the analysis component is maintained, and output quality is improved.

Chapter 1: Beginning with the Metaphysics of Morals’ systematic portrayal of reason’s universally legislative role with respect to duties of right and duties of virtue, I explain why Kant requires the concept of an end that is also a duty if the distinction that he draws between juridical and ethical lawgiving is to ground the basic architectonic setup of his overall doctrine of morals, i.e., i...

In recent years the computer algebra system KASH/KANT for number theory has evolved considerably. We present its new features and introduce the related components, QaoS (Querying Algebraic Objects System) and GiANT (Graphical Algebraic Number Theory).

There is a strong tendency among MT researchers to emphasize paradigmatic differences inMT approaches. This often leads to energetic criticism of competing systems, but obscures the fact thatmany techniques developed within a particular paradigm can improve the quality of MT systems in general. In this paper we show how practical MT development must move beyond dogmatic dismissal of differing a...

In this paper I put forth three criticisms against McDowell account of the idea that moral requirements are categorical imperatives. I argue that McDowell’s account fails as a defense of Kant’s doctrine for at least three reasons. First, McDowell claims that agents can appeal to experience in order to formulate and recognize categorical imperatives. However, Kant strongly disagrees with this cl...

Since 1976 Hilary Putnam has drawn parallels between his ‘internal’, ‘pragmatic’, ‘natural’ or ‘common-sense’ realism and Kant’s transcendental idealism. Putnam reads Kant as rejecting the then current metaphysical picture with its in-built assumptions of a unique, mind-independent world, and truth understood as correspondence between the mind and that ready-made world. Putnam reads Kant as ove...

1. Kant uses the terms perception, appearance, object, thing, and thing in itself throughout this book. Many of the most common misinterpretations of Kant arise from mistakenly reading the term “appearance” to mean something like “mere appearance,” that is, an illusion of a thing, or just an idea of a thing, or a perception of a thing. For Kant, the term “appearance” is synonymous with the term...

First-Degree Würde: A Means to What End?! An Examination of Human Dignity and Moral Status in Kantian Ethics and Utilitarianism! ! Kantian Ethics! ! In Chapter 10 of his famous book Leviathan, philosopher Thomas Hobbes writes on the topic of the worth of a person. He writes, “The ‘value,’ or ‘worth,’ of a man is, as of all other things, his price; that is to say, so much as would be given for t...

Kant famously claims that autonomy is the ground of dignity. If he is correct about the grounding relationship, then doubts about our autonomy entail doubts about our dignity. Here, I attempt to show that Kant is sensitive to this problem, and invokes the ‘fact of reason’ (Faktum der Vernunft) as the key piece of evidence for our autonomy, and therefore our dignity. But as is well known, Kant’s...

We describe a database for number fields that has been integrated into the algebraic number theory system Kant. The database gives efficient access to the tables of number fields that have been computed during the last years and is easily extended. A set of functions that are specific for a number field database has been integrated into the user interface Kash of Kant. The user has thus the pos...