A spherical shell model for turbulence, obtained by coupling N replicas of the Gledzer, Okhitani and Yamada shell model, is considered. Conservation of energy and of an helicity-like invariant is imposed in the inviscid limit. In the N → ∞ limit this model is analytically soluble and is remarkably similar to the random coupling model version of shell dynamics. We have studied numerically the co...

Works towards an explanation of the observed experimental deviation of K41 exponent law are generally based on an energy cascade process. An alternative approach, based on the analysis of turbulent sequences, allows us to construct a sequence model where this deviation has a dynamical origin. We nally show why we were forced to go beyond the markovian model and incorporate into the model the fr...

ISG15 is an IFN-alpha/beta-induced, ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to a wide array of cellular proteins through the sequential action of three conjugation enzymes that are also induced by IFN-alpha/beta. Recent studies showed that ISG15 and/or its conjugates play an important role in protecting cells from infection by several viruses, including influenza A virus. However, the mechani...

We distinguish standard settlements, in which the status quo is preserved, and injunctive settlements, which prohibit the defendant’s activity. The reverse (payment) settlement is a special type of injunctive settlement. We examine the divergence between private and social incentives to settle and policies that would minimize socially undesirable injunctive and reverse settlements (e.g., bannin...

This article considers the consequence of incomplete contracts that arise due to difficulties in precisely describing potentially relevant contingencies. Unlike much of the literature, this article concludes that the resulting incompleteness could often be immaterial with respect to economic efficiency. Indeed, attempts to “improve” matters by increasing the accuracy with which the courts deter...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus organisms cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. These bacteria are natural inhabitants of both marine and estuarine ecosystems. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of a non-selective enrichment of sediment samples with sodium chloride prior to selective enrichment with alkaline peptone water for a better recovery of V. parahaemolyticus. Sediment samp...

We use large-scale three-dimensional simulations of supersonic Euler turbulence to get a better understanding of the physics of a highly compressible cascade. Our numerical experiments describe non-magnetized driven turbulent flows with an isothermal equation of state and an rms Mach number of 6. We find that the inertial range velocity scaling deviates strongly from the incompressible Kolmogor...

Works towards an explanation of the observed experimental deviation of K41 exponent law are generally based on an energy cascade process. An alternative approach, based on the analysis of turbulent sequences, allows us to construct a sequence model where this deviation has a dynamical origin. We finally show why we were forced to go beyond the markovian model and incorporate into the model the ...

We report on some implications of the theory of turbulence developed by V. In particular we focus on the expression for the scaling exponents ζn. We show that Yakhot's result contains three well known scaling models as special cases, namely K41, K62 and the theory by V. L'vov and I. Procaccia [V. L'vov & I. Procaccia, Phys. Rev. E 62(6) (2000)]. The model furthermore yields a theoretical justif...