Alternating current poling (ACP) was performed on Gen III relaxor-PT Mn-doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (Mn: PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals with the direction of [001]. Experimental results proved that ACP could bring property enhancement to both k31 and k33 mode crystals. Compared those from traditional direct (DCP), optimized conditions (20 kV/cm, 0.1 Hz, 20 cycles) enhanced diele...

We assess whether imperfect knowledge of labor regulation hinders job creation at small and medium-sized firms. partner with a law expert organization that provides information about via newsletters access to specialized website. randomly assign 1,800 firms get this service for 21-week period. Six months later, the average employment level treatment was 12 percent higher than control The interv...

This paper reconstructs the evolutionary path of the contract of employment in English law. It demonstrates that the contract of employment is a more recent innovation than is widely thought, and that its essential features owe as much to legislation as they do to the common law of contract. The master-servant model of the nineteenth century was only displaced by the modern contract of employme...

We reassess the effect of minimum wages on US earnings inequality using additional decades of data and an IV strategy that addresses potential biases in prior work. We find that the minimum wage reduces inequality in the lower tail of the wage distribution, though by substantially less than previous estimates, suggesting that rising lower tail inequality after 1980 primarily reflects underlying...

We examine the impact of public sector salary disclosure laws on university faculty salaries in Canada. The laws, which enable access to individual if they exceed specified thresholds, were introduced different provinces at times. Using detailed administrative data covering majority Canada, and an event-study research design that exploits within-province variation exposure policy across institu...

The highly conserved FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transactions) histone chaperone assists in the transcription elongation process first by facilitating the removal of histones in front of transcribing RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and then by contributing to nucleosome reassembly in the wake of Pol II passage. Whereas it is well established that FACT localizes across actively transcribed genes, the...

Standard economic analysis holds that labor market rigidities are harmful for job creation and typically increase unemployment. But many orthodox reforms of the labor market have proved di±cult to implement because of political opposition. For these reasons it is important to explain why we observe such regulations. In this paper I outline a theory of how they may arise and why they ̄t together...

In a signaling game between a receiver and senders, prejudice occurs if senders are pre-judged based on an index such as race without reference to their qualifying signals. This paper investigates what makes the receiver ignore senders’ informative signals in favor of the uninformative index. Prejudice arises when competition between senders erodes their signaling incentive and reduces the qual...

We study the 2011 Austrian pay transparency law, which requires firms above a size threshold to publish internal reports on gender gap. Using an event-study design, we show that policy had no discernible effects male and female wages, thus leaving wage gap unchanged. The are precisely estimated, rule out narrowed by more than 0.4 p.p.. Moreover, do not find evidence for compression within estab...