Dogs have evolved to become the animal species most integrated with human society. Surprisingly, the origins and mechanisms of the remarkable co-evolution are still obscure and provide fuel for debates. Brain imaging studies showing up similarities and recent results implicating the hormone oxytocin also suggest that it makes sense to compare the social mind of dogs to our own. Michael Gross re...

Introduction: Pharmacological neuroenhancement (PN) is a topic of increasing importance and prevalence among students. However, there lack differentiating PN substances, according to their psychoactive effects. In particular, data about by caffeinated drinks, even if coffee common broadly used Neuroenhancer because its cognitively enhancing effects regarding wakefulness, alertness concentration...

Previous research has shown that observing others' actions can affect individual performance of the same actions. In the present study, we developed a new paradigm to investigate whether and how complementary actions at the disposal of another agent are represented and influence one's own actions. A spatial compatibility task was distributed among two people so that each participant took care o...

T he exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are prototype molecules for the larger family of superantigens (SAGs). This family now includes many structurally unrelated molecules of disparate origins reflecting a wide evolutionary convergence towards the common goal of subverting T cell antigen recognition. SAGs bind simultaneously to MHC class II molecules and TC...