continuance is one of the most important reasons for the permissibility of primary emulation of a deceased mujtahid regarding those issues for which he has a fatwa. it has been reported in four different formulations. and in its critique, various notions have been suggested: the abrogation of the matter or subject, its being suspended, the continued matter or ruling (the mustashab) being neithe...

This article focuses on the electronic documents in Czech eGovernment. The utilization of so called data boxes for communication between public administration and third parties (citizens, juristic persons) means significant step of the complex project. Aim of this project is – the pure electronic performance of Czech public administration. The prepared and realized technological changes in Czec...

For nearly 100 years following federation there was not a settled view as to whether there existed but one common law in Australia, as opposed to a common law for each polity in the Australian federation. This article investigates why that was so. It considers the constitutional and juristic underpinnings of the now established position that there is a single common law in Australia, identifyin...

The distinction between public and private "group-persons" which was noted in both the early Roman and German law and which is found to persist in modern Gentian, English, and American law, at least, is founded upon inherent differences in their nature. The function of the Public Group Person primarily is to advance the political or social welfare of the group, but as an agency of government, w...

In Finland, all fatal traffic accidents are investigated by a group of experts in related areas of technical, medical, psychological, police etc. experts. This investigation is done independent of all the juristic processes, though relevant police material is available. The main purpose of the analysis is to find preventive methods for future use. A special organization, financed by mandatory t...