In the early Christian Church, the central emphasis was put on the death and resurrection of Jesus rather than on the Sermon on the Mount (Manson, "Sayings", pp. 9-11). However, the teaching of Jesus does occupy an important and significant position in the Gospel traditions, because it is needed in the pastoral work as well as in the mission of the Church. It has been noticed that in the writin...

With an increasing focus on lone-wolf operations, al-Qaeda is becoming increasingly focussed on its internet discourses and propaganda. One of its most significant discourses is the importance of jihad and martyrdom in carrying out a terrorist attack. This study looks at Facebook pages and profiles and examines the discourses presented in relation to jihad and martyrdom. Three important concept...

The Internet which has enabled global businesses to flourish has become the very same channel for mushrooming ‘terrorist news networks.’ Terrorist organizations and their sympathizers have found a cost-effective resource to advance their courses by posting high-impact Websites with short shelf-lives. Because of their evanescent nature, terrorism research communities require unrestrained access ...

Conspiracy theories have been seen as important supporting components in extreme political beliefs. This paper considers conspiracy theories in the counter jihad movement, an international network combining cultural nationalism with xenophobia towards Muslims. Academic accounts have described the importance of Islamisation conspiracy theories within this movement. This paper evaluates the natur...

abstract society is the benchmark of right and wrong and in fact literature is an expressive of it. considering this brief sentence it can be understood that the life of literature in all ages especially in umayyad era is under the influence of society, and literary techniques appear under the impact of the social stimuli in that society. social life of umayyad dynasty era enjoyed, in most area...

Just beyond the horizon of current events lie two possible political figures—both bleak, neither democratic. The first is a retribalization of large swaths of humankind by war and bloodshed: a threatened Lebanonization of national states in which culture is pitted against culture, people against people, tribe against tribe—a Jihad in the name of a hundred narrowly conceived faiths against every...

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Abstract;The arrival of allies in post-independence Indonesia raised concerns among the founding fathers and kiai re-colonization. One responses to allied troops came from Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), which is known for its jihad fatwas resolusi jihad. The became NU's national ijtihad order prevent re-colonization (defensive jihad). This call calls on official government carry out an armed struggle, a...

The early 2000s has seen a revival of the Patani resistance manifesting in a violent jihad and new forms of extreme violence never witnessed before in the century-long Southern Thailand conflict. Transported by neojihadism, this new energised generation of fighters is injecting new meaning to their struggle, re-identifying friends and foes, spreading terror in hearts and minds to control mental...