Ivermectin (IVE), one of the most important anthelmintics, is often used in the treatment of haemonchosis in ruminants. The objective of our work was (1) to find and identify phase I and II metabolites of IVE formed by the Barber's pole worm (Haemonchus contortus), and (2) to compare IVE metabolites in helminths with IVE biotransformation in sheep (Ovis aries) as host species. Ultrahigh-perform...

This paper presents a new approach to constructive induction, Discrimination-Based Constructive induction(DBC), which invents useful predicates in learning relations. Triggered by failure of selective induction, DBC finds a minimal set of variables forming a new predicate that discriminates between positive and negative examples, and induces a definition of the invented predicate. If necessary,...

Prompt evaluation of annual influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) is important. IVE is estimated in Ontario using a test-negative design (TND) within a national sentinel surveillance network (SPSN). To explore alternative approaches, we applied the screening method (SM) during five seasons spanning 2007 to 2012 to passive surveillance data to determine whether routinely collected data could pro...

In this paper, we introduce a new touch sensor design, which we refer to as hybrid tactile sensor. It combines the simplicity of analog touch sensing, which is widely used in electronic touch screens and touchpads, with the ability of shape discrimination of the array touch senstactile sensors designed for robotics applidescribe the construction techniques of the sensor, its modelling, and shap...

Influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) varies over different influenza seasons and virus (sub)types/lineages. To assess the association between IVE and circulating influenza virus (sub)types/lineages, we estimated the overall and (sub)type specific IVE in the Netherlands. We conducted a test-negative case control study among subjects with influenza-like illness or acute respiratory tract infecti...

We measured early 2016/17 season influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H3N2) in Europe using multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels. IVE at primary care level was 44.1%, 46.9% and 23.4% among 0-14, 15-64 and ≥ 65 year-olds, and 25.7% in the influenza vaccination target group. At hospital level, IVE was 2.5%, 7.9% and 2.4% among ≥ 65, 65-79 and ≥...

Study of three-dimensional (3D) gaze and depth perception in immersive virtual environment (IVE) systems is an important research area. Several approaches have been proposed, but the usage of gaze-screen information for depth perception measurement in IVE has never been reported. We suggest a new approach using geometric model to measure depth perception in IVE. We extend information from binoc...

Iterat ive decoding is a widely used technique in modern communications systems. The Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes of Gallager were the earliest codes for which iterat ive decoding techniques were dēned. These codes along with a simple iterat ive decoding algorithm were int roduced in the r̄st part of this art icle. Here we describe a probabilist ic iterat ive decoding scheme, also propo...