Spectral and kinetic behavior of thermal cis-to-trans isomerization of 4-aminoazobenzene (AAB) is examined in various solvents of different polarities. In contrast to azobenzene (AB), it is found the rate of thermal isomerization of AAB is highly dependent on solvent polarity. Accelerated rates are observed in polar solvents as compared to nonpolar solvents. Moreover, a decrease in the barrier ...

3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480...

Incubation of synthetic 12-hydroxy-(3Z)-dodecenal (3ZHD) with tea chloroplasts revealed that 12-hydroxy-(2£)-dodecenal (2EHD) was the product of isomerization reaction of 3ZHD during the incubation. The isomerization was caused also by incubation of 3ZHD with the heat-inactivated chloroplasts. The isomerization activity was extracted with hot ethanol. These results indicate that the isomerizati...

[reaction: see text] A study of the role of base in the isomerization of manganese-coordinated conjugated alkynyl carbonyls to the corresponding allenyl carbonyls is described. The use of phosphine additives indicates that manganese requires a ligand prior to isomerization with amine bases. A series of amine bases were also examined for their efficacy in this isomerization reaction revealing a ...

The cis<-->trans isomerization reaction has been carried out for 2-naphthol and its hydrogen (H) bonded clusters by infrared (IR) laser in the electronic excited state (S1) in supersonic jets. A specific isomer in the jet was pumped to the X-H stretching vibration in the S1 state, where X refers to C, O, or N atom, by using a stepwise UV-IR excitation, and the dispersed emission spectra of the ...

the reaction kinetics of the isomerization 3,4-dichlorobutene-1 to 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 was investigated by using gas-liquid chromatography method in the presence of fe2o3/mgo as solid catalyst in the temperature range 25-55°c. fe2o3/mgo has been prepared by the support saturation method, tested in the isomerization of 3, 4-dichlorobutene-1 into 1, 4-dichlorobutene-2. this catalyst shows a high...

Biological signal transduction by photoactive yellow protein (PYP) in halophilic purple sulfur bacteria is initiated by trans-to-cis isomerization of the p-coumaric acid chromophore (pCa) of PYP. pCa is engaged in two short hydrogen bonds with protein residues E46 and Y42, and it is negatively charged at the phenolate oxygen. We investigated the role in the isomerization process of the E46 shor...

The cis-trans isomerization of proline serves as a regulatory switch in signaling pathways. We identify the proline isomerase Fpr4, a member of the FK506 binding protein family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as an enzyme which binds the amino-terminal tail of histones H3 and H4 and catalyses the isomerization of H3 proline P30 and P38 in vitro. We show that P38 is necessary for methylation of K36...

Industrial process control system due to integration of equipment, existing material and energy recycle streams and their effects are extraordinary importance. The process in terms of safety, product quality and control stability have a challenge when there was defects in a process control system. The isomerization process is gaining importance in the presence of refining context due to upgradi...

We propose a new scheme of the photoactivation and the photobleaching for Dronpa with molecular dynamics method and density functional theory. These processes can be explained by considering cis-trans isomerization in neutral state of chromophore. The proton transfer from anionic to neutral chromophore makes cis-trans isomerization possible via hula-twist rotation process, since the space for c...