it has been proposed that organic nitrates such as glyceryl trinitrate (gtn), used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, act by producing nitric oxide (no). however, the biochemical pathway for no formation from gtn is not well understood. in the present study, we showed that nitrate formation from gtn, by isolated rat hepatocytes, was inhibited about 50% when cellular glutathione was de...

mitochondria are unique organelles with major role in cellular function, not only as a major site of atp production, but also by regulating energy expenditure, apoptosis signaling, and production of reactive oxygen species. they play a central role in determining the point-of-no-return for the apoptotic process. there is accumulating evidence supporting a direct link between mitochondria, oxida...

Background: Although the bio kinetics, metabolism and chemical toxicity of Atorvastatin are well known, until recently little attention was paid to the potential neurotoxic effect of Atorvastatin (Atv). Regarding the concrete evidences indicating Atv may reduce Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels through blockage of  metalonate cycle, the present work aims to determine if Atorvastatin may provide toxic...

alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects regions of the brain that control cognition, memory, language, speech and awareness to one’s physical surroundings. the pathological initiation and progression of ad is highly complex and its prevalence is on the rise. in his study, alzheimer's disease was induced with single injection of amyloid-β (aβ) pepti...

Common techniques for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been successful, and thus the design and discovery of new compounds with better anti-cancer function are needed. Snake venom is among the most important compounds used by researchers to the treatment of various cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the toxicity effect of Persian Gulf snake venom (Enhydrina sch...

Natural products isolated from plant sources are well known for their pharmacological potential in diversity of disease treatments such as inflammatory or cancer conditions. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Juglans regia are thought to be rich of functional phytochemicals. To elucidate the anticancer activity of Juglans regia (JR) and Mangifera indica L (MI) aqueous extract were investigated on ...

Natural products isolated from plant sources are well known for their pharmacological potential in diversity of disease treatments such as inflammatory or cancer conditions. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Juglans regia are thought to be rich of functional phytochemicals. To elucidate the anticancer activity of Juglans regia (JR) and Mangifera indica L (MI) aqueous extract were investigated on ...

The concerns about the possible risk of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) have been raised recently. Nano- and micro-sized copper oxide (CO and CONP) are widely used in many industries. In this regard, in-vitro studies have demonstrated that CONP is a toxic compound in different cell lines. Despite their unique properties, NPs possess unexpected toxicity profiling relative to the bulk m...

cigarette smoking is one of the main risk factors for premature human death associated to a variety of respiratory and vascular diseases, and cancer due to containing hundreds of toxicants. rat mitochondria were obtained by differential ultracentrifugation and incubated with different concentrations (1, 10 and 100%) of standardized cigarette smoke extract (cse). our results showed that cigarett...

The concerns about the possible risk of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) have been raised recently. Nano- and micro-sized copper oxide (CO and CONP) are widely used in many industries. In this regard, in-vitro studies have demonstrated that CONP is a toxic compound in different cell lines. Despite their unique properties, NPs possess unexpected toxicity profiling relative to the bulk m...