introduction: accreditation assesses performance, or capacity to perform, against predetermined standards. it typically combines external quality assurance, through a process of peers review, with elements of self-regulation through internal and selfdirected assessment. this study is an attempt to identify the quality of pediatrics residency educational programs regarding predetermined standard...

today, through out the world, medical education has two critical needs: need for structural reform and innovative plans and then need for social accountability in terms of educational program quality and its effectiveness. educational assessment and accreditation could be considered as operational (executive) strategy to meet both needs. of outmost important as the first toward educational asse...

fast enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (fast-elisa) was compared with the standard elisa for the diagnosis of human hydatidosis. seventy serum samples including 30 from hydatidosis patients (surgically confirmed), healthy control individuals not infected with any parasitic diseases (n=/20) and from others with different parasitic infections including, toxocariosis (n=5), fasciolosis (n=5), tric...

Standard deviation (SD) and standard error (SE) are quietly but extensively used in biomedical publications. These terms and notations are used as descriptive statistics (summarizing numerical data), and they are used as inferential statistics (estimating population parameters from samples). I review the use and misuse of SD and SE in several authoritative medical journals and make suggestions ...

A recent Perspective in Nature issued a call for more transparency in the reporting of preclinical research (1). Although this article focused primarily on experimental design, it emphasized the need for improved reporting in the scientific literature. Within the context of preclinical studies, there have been discussions regarding the appropriate reporting of standard error (SE) and standard d...