The external shell and the physical characteristics of the building have always played an essential role in Iranian architecture and its function has been various in different periods and has always been influenced by cultural and social conditions throughout history. The diversity of this layer of architecture in the first Pahlavi period is more visible than other periods. Because by employing...

abstract reception environment has considerable effects on accepting a translation. as the expectations of a target culture and its values and needs change throughout history, its criteria for accepting a translation or rejecting it will change accordingly (gentzler, 2001). the expectations of iran, as the reception environment in the present study, have changed after the islamic revolution. i...

Researchers and experts have employed various approaches in dealing with Islamic Architecture. Architects, scholars, designers, mystics and philosophers have interpreted this phenomenon in their particular ways over time. Some merely have considered historical descriptive methods as an outward expression. Sometimes these descriptions and analysis aim at definition of spaces and architectural el...

abstract birbery and corruption and other criminal and as such is one of social phenomena , and i can firmly say that society is protected and safe from harm , this is criminal . eache community is familiar with these crimes and the crime associated ( direct or indirect ) with the political economic , social , and cultural beliefs and religious issues , especially with the community . admitted...

The ancient Chalipa pattern in architecture is one of the patterns that have been considered as the main symbol of pre-Islamic Iranian architecture. Today, decoding different meanings of this symbol in the mosques as the base model, which is the source of Iranian and Islamic architecture, has been neglected. The present research is constantly attempting to compare the Iranian mosques with mosqu...

The history of Islam in China began when the first ambassador of Islamic caliphate in 654 AD, gained the court of the Chinese emperor. After that Islam has been spread throughout there during a century. In this study, authors try to study about how architectural elements and spatial forms are effected from Islam or Buddhist-Chinese tradition. Then, at the first it must be clear that which symbo...

the primary goal of the current project was to examine the effect of three different treatments, namely, models with explicit instruction, models with implicit instruction, and models alone on differences between the three groups of subjects in the use of the elements of argument structures in terms of toulmins (2003) model (i.e., claim, data, counterargument claim, counterargument data, rebutt...

abstract chickpea is weak in competition of weeds that damages to it at between 40 t0 60 percent. kermanshah province is one of the most important region for chickpea fields in iran. for these reosons, weed management is necessary in this crop. in order to evaluate of herbicides and stubble control on broad leave weeds control in chickpea. experiment was conducted in agricultural research stat...

Lack of attention to the philosophy of architecture as an intermediate science between general philosophy and architecture science has caused many researchers to link their research to philosophy without methodology. They introduce their research as the philosophy of Islamic architecture; While the philosophy of Islamic architecture is a kind of philosophy. The general philosophy merely provide...