In past few years, automatic irrigation system has seen a rapid growth in terms of technology. At present cost-saving technology, labor-saving are the addressing key issues in irrigation. This paper gives a review of these systems based on existing technologies and also proposes an economical and generic automatic irrigation system based on wireless sensors with GSM-Bluetooth for irrigation sys...

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Infiltration phenomenon, has a direct impact on rainwater harvesting in fields under irrigation. In order to solve this problem (reduced infiltration and increased runoff), a few strategies can be suggested. Taking long-term decision for increasing the efficiency of irrigation should be strongly suggested. At the same time, ways in which customized irrigation is optimized must be studied. An ol...

BACKGROUND Intra-operative surgical site irrigation (lavage) is common practice in surgical procedures in general, with all disciplines advocating some form of irrigation before incision closure. This practice, however, has been neither standardized nor is there compelling evidence that it effectively reduces the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). This narrative review addresses the laborat...

Irrigation is a fundamental concept to the care of acute wounds and therefore of prime importance in all surgical specialties. A significant amount of research has been done in search of the most effective irrigation technique over the last three decades. There is evidence to show that irrigation is beneficial in the management of acute traumatic and elective wounds, but exactly which technique...

Effective irrigation scheduling is a prerequisite to optimising the use of expensive irrigation water for sugarcane production in South Africa. Accurate irrigation scheduling is not widely practised in the sugar industry despite the many scheduling tools available to sugarcane growers. This leads to very low water use efficiencies (WUE) of approximately 50% of what could be achieved theoretical...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of positive-pressure nasal irrigation devices in children with acute sinusitis, in addition to bacterial colonization of the irrigation device. METHOD We performed a randomized, prospective, controlled study of 80 children with acute sinusitis, aged between 3 and 15 years. Participants were randomly separated into two groups, where one group was treated usin...

Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation can save water while maintaining rice yields, but in some countries its adoption by farmers remains limited. Key knowledge gaps include the effect of AWD on early vegetative vigor and its relationship with yield; the effects of AWD on yield and water use efficiency of local cultivars used by smallholder farmers; and the socio-economic factors influe...

The main objective of this paper is to review the progress that has been made in South Africa with respect to whole-farm economic modelling over the past 2 decades. Farming systems are complex and careful consideration to the stochastic dynamic nature of irrigation farming processes and their linkages with the larger water system is necessary when conducting whole-farm modelling. Both simulatio...

The productivity of olive trees in arid and semi-arid environments is closely linked to irrigation. It is necessary to improve the efficiency of irrigation techniques to optimise the amount of olive fruit produced in relation to the volume of water used. Partial root-zone drying (PRD) is a water saving irrigation technique that theoretically allows the production of a root-to-shoot signal that ...