The endodontic triad comprises of cleaning and shaping, disinfection and obturation. Success of root canal therapy is majorly achieved by proper cleaning and shaping. However, elimination of bacterial contaminants as well as necrotic debris of the canals requires the adjunctive use of irrigants. To achieve a satisfactory biological and mechanical preparation proper selection of endodontic instr...

Local wound debridement in the diseased pulp space is the main step in root canal treatment to prevent the tooth from being a source of infection. Successful root canal therapy is always based on the combination of proper instrumentation, irrigation and obturation of the root canal. Of these three essential steps of root canal therapy, irrigation of the root canal is the most important techniqu...

Chemomechanical debridement is an integral part in endodontics. Mechanical debridement results in the formation of smear layer on root canal surfaces whereas chemical debridment results in removal of smear layer resulting higher success of root canal treatment. This present study evaluates the chelating and antimicrobial ability of phytic acid alone and in combination with different irrigating ...

The purpose of this study was to create a monoculture biofilm of a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis and to determine susceptibility against four antimicrobial irrigants. Biofilms were subjected to 1-, 3-, and 5-minute exposures to one of the following irrigants: 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) or one of two new products, <6% NaOCl with surface modifiers...

BACKGROUNDG Root canal irrigation plays a pivotal role in endodontics. Constant increase in antibiotic resistance and side effects caused by synthetic irrigants has shifted the research toward developing herbal alternatives. The current study aims to assess the ex vivo effectiveness of an indigenously prepared herbal extract "EndoPam" and compare it with the conventional endodontic irrigants fo...

UNLABELLED Phosphoric acid has been suggested as an irrigant due to its effectiveness in removing the smear layer. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a 37% phosphoric acid solution to other irrigants commonly used in endodontics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The substances 37% phosphoric acid, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 2% chlorhexidine (s...

Objectives. To evaluate and compare the antifungal efficacy of 1.3% NaOCl/MTAD with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), and iodine potassium iodide (IKI). Materials and Methods. Fifty-two single rooted teeth were used which were divided into four groups with 10 teeth in each group: 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX, IKI, 1.3% NaOCl/MTAD, and physiologic saline. Two teeth served...

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of 0.2%, 1%, and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX gel and CHX liquid), against endodontic pathogens and compare the results with the ones achieved by 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 4%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). A broth dilution test was performed, and the timing for irrigants to kill microbial cells was recorded and stati...

The intraoperative development of tissue-space emphysema in a child undergoing restorative treatment under general anesthesia is presented. Emphysema development seems to be concomitant with the use of compressed air around patent root canals, complicated by tissue destruction due to movement of canal irrigants/medicaments into the periapical tissues and by secondary infection. Several recommen...