This enzyme, called the photosynthetic water oxidation complex (WOC), liberates protons and electrons needed for energy production and reduction of NADP’ and quinones that are essential for plant growth. The 0, formed in Equation 1 is not essential for plant survival, but is essential for other organisms on Earth, since it is by far the major source of global OL production for the atmosphere. T...

Transferrin is one of the key proteins of iron metabolism in mammalians. It is responsible for the transfer of the essential iron(III) ions through the biological fluids from absorption to storage and utilization sites. Moreover, transferrin is involved in the metabolism of other metal ions that are either trace or toxic elements. In recent years the crystal structure of transferrin has been so...

OBJECTIVES Iron is an important mineral, essential for the health and function of mammalian cells. Despite its key role, iron deficiency in humans is common worldwide, often leading to significant health issues within the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of using iron-enriched baker's yeast as a source of iron, especially for the protection and recovery from condi...

PURPOSE The body concentration of iron is regulated by a fine equilibrium between absorption and losses of iron. Iron can be absorbed from diet as inorganic iron or as heme. Hemopexin is an acute phase protein that limits iron access to microorganisms. Moreover, it is the plasma protein with the highest binding affinity for heme and thus it mediates heme-iron recycling. Considering its involvem...

Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans was isolated and named by Leathen and Braley (1) in 1954 and reported to be an obligate chemoautotroph which utilizes the oxidation of inorganic ferrous iron as a primary energy source. A somewhat similar bacterium, called Thiobaeillus ferrooxiduns, had previously been isolated by Cohner, Temple, and Hinkle (2) and characterized as an obligate chemoautotroph which wou...

The influence of gastric juice on iron absorption has been studied extensively in recent years. The absorption of haemoglobin iron is unaffected by achlorhydria (Biggs, Bannerman, and Callender, 1962) but inorganic iron is better absorbed in the presence of normal gastric juice (Goldberg, Lochhead, and Dagg, 1963; Cook, Brown, and Valberg, 1964). It has been shown that the administration of hyd...