conclusion based on the results, the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis include of p. papatasi, p. salehi, p. sergenti and moreover the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis include of p. keshishiani and p. alexandri have been found. materials and methods sand flies were collected by using sticky traps from selected villages (outdoors as well as indoors). traps were fixed at sundown and sand flies ...

head louse infestation is common in various parts of the world. baluchestan area in southeast of iran is one of the most infected areas. we studied the head louse infestation among the girls in primary schools of iranshahr, which is the largest city of the province during november 2002 to may 2003. totally 918 pupils, between 6-14 years old from 12 urban primary schools were randomly selected b...

The catchment, or catchment area, is the area associated with a segment of a drainage network. Surface runoff in a catchment flows into the associated network segment. Catchment area is commonly used for estimating watershed parameters, such as upstream drainage area, flood frequency, or surface-water flow. Hydrologic analyses require relatively accurate catchment area estimates to furnish subs...

A water supply is vital for preserving usual human living standards, industrial development, and agricultural growth. Scarce supplies unplanned urbanization are the primary impediments to results in dry environments. Locating suitable sites artificial groundwater recharge (AGR) could be a strategic priority countries groundwater. Recent advances machine learning (ML) techniques provide valuable...

the management of sedimentation problems in rivers and reservoirs depend greatly on the sediment yield from the catchment land surface. in this research the effects of biological measures and ranges enclose on suspended load in two sub-catchments of kakhk experimentalwatershed in gonabad has been studied. this catchment contains both control and experimental sub-catchments. these sub-catchments...

The development of catchment modelling tools has gained considerable momentum through the Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology’s Catchment Modelling Toolkit. This repository of models (see www.toolkit.net.au) allows the modeller to select the most appropriate tools with which to best represent their catchment and associated constituent processes. While this has improved the abili...

Water quality data, collected by the Environment Agency in England and Wales over 10 years (1991 – 2000) were used to examine the spatial distribution of nutrient pollution risk and for assessing broad-scale spatial and temporal variability in nutrient fluxes across the Wye catchment. Nutrient water quality across the upper and middle Wye catchment, and along the main River Wye, is generally ve...