The recent blow-out and subsequent environmental disaster in the Gulf of Mexico have highlighted a number of serious problems in scientific thinking about safety. Risk models have generally concentrated on technical failures, which are easier to model and for which there are more concrete data. However, many primary cause of the disasters, such as BP’s Texas City and Deepwater Horizon, are root...

In Milieudefensie et al. v Royal Dutch Shell, the District Court in Hague ordered respondent company to cut its global carbon dioxide emissions by 45 percent 2030, as compared with 2019 levels. The landmark judgement represents first imposition of a specific mitigation obligation on private over and above reduction targets set existing ‘cap-and-trade’ regulations and/or other governmental polic...

The CIA was originally established as an agency charged with putting together information from all other intelligence agencies. However, in the midst of the Cold War and with the election of President Eisenhower, a new role for the CIA surfaced. Across the globe, in Iran, in 1951 the people had elected a Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossaddegh, who opposed British control over Iranian oil fields. T...

This article traces one aspect of Britain's approach to the political economy energy conservation. It focuses on forecasting work Royal Dutch Shell and deliberations Heath government. In late 1960s, oil major predicted that oil-producing states would impose an embargo oil-consuming states. Energy conservation policies be necessary. tracing reception Shell's ‘crisis’ scenario its proposed resolu...

In this article this dialectical approach is adopted in re-analysing of four European case studies. They are (i) the alliance of Rover and Honda (UK), which involved contrasting political and cultural value priorities; (ii) the drug donation programs of the German company Boehringer-Ingelheim, which can be interpreted from different commercial and ethical perspectives; (iii) the experiences of ...