Cycle time reduction is an important aspect of integrated product and process development (IPPD). This paper outlines some of the challenges that impede efforts to reduce cycle time for complex system development projects. Several facets of these challenges can be summarized using the general concept of design iterations. After reviewing this concept, the paper provides an overview of a process...

This paper describes an Integrated Product and Process Design (IPPD) tool for the design and manufacture of microwave transmit/receive modules. The tool, which was developed as part of a contract with Northrop Grumman, was designed to combine high performance, ease of understandability by manufacturing personnel, ease of maintenance, and integration with other systems. It uses AI planning to ge...

BACKGROUND Hair dye exposure is the most common cause of sensitization to p-phenylenediamine (PPD). Cross-reactions with structurally related allergens occur. OBJECTIVES It is suggested that a stronger patch test reaction (3+ rather than 1+) to PPD (usually tested as 1% petrolatum) is associated with an increased propensity for cross-reactions. In this article we will demonstrate this associa...

Collaborative development of engineered products in a business-to-business (B2B) environment will require more than just the selection of components from an on-line catalogue. It will involve the electronic exchange of product, process, and production engineering information during both design and manufacturing. While the state-of-the-practice does include a variety of ways to exchange product ...

A 32-year-old non-atopic man presented with a history of pruritic, sharply demarcated erythematous and vesicular eruption of the palms and palmar sides of the fingers. The lesions had started during winter, 2months after the use of a new motorcycle, equipped with heated grips (Fig. 1). The dermatitis recurred every time that the patient switched on the warm hands controller, and improved with t...

In today's cost-constrained environment, acquisition reform is a critical component in the design, production and support of modern warships. This reform includes policies that require system acquisition programs to pursue commercial management and systems engineering practices. The application of Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD), concurrent engineering, open systems architectu...