A model that uniquely determines the flow speed of each ion species at the sheath edge of two ion species plasmas is developed. In this analysis, ion-ion two-stream instabilities can play an important role because they significantly enhance the friction between ion species. Two-stream instabilities arise when the difference in flow speeds between the ion species exceeds a critical value: V1−V2 ...

in order to evaluate the effect of salinity on water relation, ion accumulation, solute sugar, proline content, chlorophyll florescence and seed yield of isabgul (plantago ovata), french psyllium (p. psyllium) and great plantain (p. major), an experiment was conducted at vali-e-asr university of rafsanjan in 2010. this study was carried out as factorial experiment based on randomized complete b...

A method for the controllable synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on a complexing agent method was developed. Citric acid was used as a complexing agent. The effect of pH (1.6 to 5.17) on the size and net height (as obtained from XRD analyses) of silver nanoparticles was investigated. The nanoparticles (10 to 40 nm) were characterized using XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, UV-Vis spectrosco...

introduction: iranian scorpion species are classified in buthidae and scorpionidae with 16 genera and 25 species. in iran, similar to other parts of the world, there are a few known species of scorpions responsible for severe envenoming. mesobuthus eupeus is the most common species in iran. its venom contains several toxin fractions which can affect the ion channel. in this study purification, ...

The DIII–D fusion science research facility employs positive-ion based neutral beam ion sources for plasma heating and current drive experiments. Ion species produced inside the arc chamber of an ion source determine the composition of the neutral beams injected into the plasma and in turn affect the energy deposition along the cross section of the plasma. Arc chamber design and operation schem...

A generalized Lenard-Balescu theory that accounts for instability-enhanced collective responses is used to calculate the collisional friction between ion species in the plasma-boundary transition region (presheath). Ion-ion streaming instabilities are shown to cause such a strong frictional force that the relative flow speed between ion species cannot significantly exceed the critical threshold...

The ion dynamics in a two-ion-species plasma pushed by a magnetic field pressure is examined. It is shown that the behavior of such a plasma may significantly differ from the behavior of a single-ion-species plasma, in which the current is carried by the electrons and the ions move in the direction of the magnetic field force. Cases are demonstrated in which the current is carried by the ions, ...

Abstract A superheterodyne reflectometer could provide a direct and inexpensive measurement of ion species mixes with different charge-to-mass ratios. Using the cold plasma dispersion relation, the ion–ion hybrid cutoff frequency is uniquely determined by the density ratio and cyclotron frequencies of the two different species. The phase of a 20 MHz wave that travels from the launching point to...