the common green lacewing is an important natural enemy used for pest control in greenhouses. it is also very common in many agricultural systems. hence, studying lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on this predator would be useful. toxicity of endosulfan, imidacloprid and indoxacarb was assessed on 1st instar larvae of chrysoperla carnea (stephens) in laboratory. residual bioassays we...

The intrinsic rate of increase is a basic parameter which an ecologist may wish to establish for an insect population. We define it as the rate of increase per head under specified physical conditions, in an unlimited environment where the effects of increasing density do not need to be considered. The growth of such a population is by definition exponential. Many authors, including Malthus and...

demographic toxicology is a common method for an investigation of the sub lethal effects of pesticides on natural enemies. the present study was conducted to evaluate the side effects of the extracts of calotropis procera (willd.) r. br. (asclepiadaceae), teucrium polium l. (labiatae), fumaria parviflora lam. (fumariaceae) and thymus vulgaris l. (labiatae) in comparison with three pesticides: h...

demographic parameters of the ladybeetle, serangium montazerii fursch feeding on citrus whitefly, dialeurodes citri ashmead were determined on two host plants, page tangerine and thompson navel orange. this study was carried out under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °c and rh of 60 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16: 8 h (l: d). total pre-adult periods of the lady beetle were 20.84 ± 0.302, 19.27 ± 0.2...

One of the central problems in migration measurement arises as a consequence of the different sources of migration data. Most information regarding migration is obtained from population censuses or population registers that report migration data for a given time interval. Another source of migration data is the sample survey which may be designed to provide information about both migrants and...