Intravenous anaesthesia is gradually becoming popular in veterinary practice. Traditionally, general anaesthesia is induced with intravenous drugs and then maintained with inhalation agents. Inhalation anaesthetic agents cause more significant dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression than intravenous anaesthetic drugs, creating a need to use less of the inhalation anaesthetic agents for main...

background: sodium valproate (sv) has been approved for migraine prophylaxis and its intravenous form is used to treat acute migraine attacks. we compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous sv and subcutaneous sumatriptan in managing acute migraine attacks. methods: this double-blind randomized clinical trial divided 90 patients into two groups: one group received 400 mg of intravenous sv a...

background: propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic drug. one of its side effects is pain during injection. we investigate the effects of intravenous ondansetron, lidocaine, and their combination on pain reduction of intravenous propofol. methods: eighty eight women with asa class (american society of anesthesiologists) classification i-ii patients undergoing elective gynecologic surge...

optic neuritis an inflammatory disorder of the optic nerve inflammation is usually in young’s with symptoms of eye pain and vision loss that occurs is a common symptom of ms. optic neuritis is one of the first symptoms of ms that observable into disorders in white matter of cerebral cortex. the risk of ms in patients with optic neuritis during 2 years 20% in 15 years, 45-80% is calculated. ‏in ...

Optic neuritis an inflammatory disorder of the optic nerve inflammation is usually in young’s with symptoms of eye pain and vision loss that occurs is a common symptom of MS. Optic neuritis is one of the first symptoms of MS that observable into disorders in white matter of cerebral cortex. The risk of MS in patients with optic neuritis during 2 years 20% in 15 years, 45-80% is calculated...

Background: Sodium valproate (SV) has been approved for migraine prophylaxis and its intravenous form is used to treat acute migraine attacks. We compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous SV and subcutaneous Sumatriptan in managing acute migraine attacks. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial divided 90 patients into two groups: one group received 400 mg of intravenous SV a...