upper endoscopy is a common procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of upper digestive tract diseases. the increasing number of pediatric gastrointestinal procedures has led to increasing attention on the safety and efficacy of medications used for sedation during the procedure. this randomized blinded interventional study was designed to compare the effect of oral midazolam with intravenous ...

the technique of intraosseous (io) infusion has been reemerged as an alternative route of intravascular access for the delivery of fluids and some medications. complications of io infusion occur rarely and include fractures and osteomyelitis after long-term use of io access. the purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of induction of anaesthesia by a standard intravenous route and a...

results the diagnostic value of ivu was found positive in 6.5% while it was negative in (93.5%) cases. the sensitivity and specificity of usg, rad and their combination in detection of urolithiasis was calculated as 90.5% and 84.8%, 84.1% and 88.6%; and 98.4% and 4.8% respectively. conclusions ivu can be largely replaced by usg in the pediatric population and if really clinically needed, its in...

introduction & objective: adequate and proper hydration during surgery is one of the duties of anesthesiologist. based on the different effects of dextrose–containing fluids and dextrose-free fluids on the level of blood sugar, we decided to evaluate the effects of these fluids on the blood sugar level after short-term surgeries. materials & methods: one hundred patients who were scheduled for ...

introduction: postoperative pain is an acute pain related to size and site of operation, patient's psychologic and physiological condition, degree of manipulation and damage of tissues. pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. administration of opioids is one of the common techniques for postoperative pain management, but com...

L’histoire a la vertu de révéler une société et ses acteurs à eux-mêmes. Ceci est plus vrai encore lorsqu’elle porte sur manière dont ceux-ci traitent les étrangers migrants. C’est précisément ce qu’illustrent contributions l’histoire des migrations en Belgique présentés dans numéro qui viennent opportunément parachever belge transformée par différentes vagues migratoires grâce l’accès nouvelle...

introduction: refractory status epilepticus is a life-threatening disease in children wherein seizure movements don't response to first line anti convulsion drugs. this study reviewed risk factors, management and early outcome of children with refractory status epilepticus. methods: patients with refractory status epilepticus admitted in tabriz children's hospital between 2003 and 200...

physiologists have shown that increased fluids improve skeletal muscle performance in prolonged exercise.typical orders provide for 125 ml of intravenous fluids per hour in patients taking limited oral fluids during labor. our purpose in this study was to determine whether increased intravenous fluids affect the progress of labor. in a prospective randomized institutional clinical trial, one-hu...

abstract posttraumatic intravasation of fat and debris can lead to a cascade of events. hydroxyethyl starches (hes) markedly suppress neutrophil influx by decreasing pulmonary capillary permeability and facilitating tissue oxygenation by improving microcirculation. it was hypothesized that in hypoxemic femur injury patients undergoing operative stabilization, hes administration will prevent the...