objectives: in this study, we examined the effect of botulinum toxin a (bta) on chronic allergic rhinitis (car). we tested the effects of bta, applied to an intranasal sponge, on patients who had car for a minimum of three years and had been treated unsuccessfully with conventional medications. methods:the study was an interventional case-control single-blind randomized clinical trial. forty-fo...

abstract introduction. some children show aggressive uncontrollable behavior during dental procedures, the only way to control this behavior is pharmacological methods such as conscious sedation. recently intranasal administration of midazolam has been considered. the main goal of our study is to determine the effectiveness of intranasal administration of midazolam (in a does of 0.5 mg/kg) in b...

Exendin, a member of the glucagon-like peptide-1 family, and its antagonist exendin(9-39) affect cognition and neuronal survival after their intranasal delivery. Here, we examined the uptake of radioactively labeled exendin(9-39) (I-Ex) by the olfactory bulbs, brain (minus pineal, pituitary, and olfactory bulb), cerebrospinal fluid, and cervical lymph nodes (C-node) as well as levels in serum a...

There have been no studies on the susceptibility and host immune responses to an intranasal infection with Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, we compared the susceptibilities and cytokine responses between intranasal and intravenous infections with L. monocytogenes in mice. Moreover, we compared efficiency of acquisition of host resistance to L. monocytogenes infection between intranasally ...

objectives: the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of intranasal ketamine and midazolam on behavior of 3-6 year-old children during dental treatments.   materials and methods: in this randomized cross-over clinical trial, 17 uncooperative children requiring at least two dental treatments were selected and randomly received ketamine (0.5mg/kg) or midazolam (0.2mg/kg) prior to tr...

Objective(s): The Botulism syndrome is caused by types A to G of botulinum neurotoxins. The binding domains of these neurotoxins are immunogenic and considered as appropriate candidate vaccines. Due to the low immunogenicity of recombinant vaccines, there have been many studies on the use of biocompatible carriers such as chitosan nanoparticles for the delivery of these vaccines. The aim of thi...

Best practice in treating children in severe acute pain, according to the college of emergency Medicine children’s pain assessment tool (2010), is to administer intravenous (iV) morphine or intranasal diamorphine. this article discusses the intranasal delivery of analgesia, which according to Kidd et al (2009) is less traumatic than the potentially difficult and distressing iV route. a survey o...

PURPOSE Intranasal dexmedetomidine is an effective sedative for premedication and is regularly used to reduce preoperative tension and anxiety in children. This study aimed to assess the effect of intranasally adjunctive dexmedetomidine on perioperative sedative and analgesic requirements in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were randomly divided into four groups to receive preoperative ...

1. Smooth colony pneumococci fresh from human beings, instilled in small doses into the nasal passages of special mice raised under standard conditions, brought about a characteristic infection and this spread to healthy contacts inciting in them the carrier state or fatal infection. 2. Differences in individual host response to the same dose of a given culture ranged from a complete refractory...

Introduction: Ectopic teeth occur in a wide variety of sites, including the maxillary sinus, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, orbital, and nasal cavities. Reported symptoms and signs associated with nasal teeth include facial pain, external nasal deformities, foul-smelling rhinorrhea, recurrent epistaxis, and oronasal fistula. Ectopic teeth occurring bilaterally in the nasal cavity is ver...