Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) has been regarded as a rare, extreme form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Like ALS, it is a clinical diagnosis without established biomarkers. We sought to explore loss of cerebral myelin in relation to clinical features, including cognitive impairment, in cases of both ALS and PLS. A novel MRI sequence (mcDESPOT) sensitive to water pools within myelin an...

a two-year field experiment was carried out in semi-arid region of southern iran (shiraz), during 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 growing seasons using various mixtures of an early- (cv falat) and a middle-ripening (cv shiraz) winter wheat cultivar to evaluate the beneficial effects of inducing temporal growth heterogeneity on reduction of intra-specific competition during post-anthesis moisture stress...

Molecular transport in 100 nm inter/intra cellular spaces such as synaptic clefts and mitochondria has important roles in biological functions. Our group has developed a powerful in vitro tool, i.e., bio-mimetic extended nanospace (10-1000 nm), lipid bilayer-modified extended nanochannel for mimicking the cellular spaces. In this study, we have revealed liquid viscosity and molecular diffusion ...

Abstract Characterizing infiltration in the non-enhancing tumor (NET) is clinically crucial as leads to progression, and a reduction survival times. As voxel-wise biopsy of these regions infeasible, non-invasive MRI-based identification would be significant contribution. Diffusion MRI (dMRI), with its ability model different levels water restriction, caused by edema, well positioned NET. This a...

Accumulation of intra-cellular phosphate, as polyphosphate, was measured when the microalga Chlorella vulgaris was immobilized in alginate with either of two wild-type strains of the microalgae growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense or their corresponding IAA-attenuated mutants. Wild type strains of A. brasilense induced higher amounts of intra-cellular phosphate in Chlorella than t...

The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widespread both in healthy subjects and patients, but suffers from a lack of standardized method and quality control procedures. BIA allows the determination of the fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW) in subjects without significant fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, when using appropriate population, age or pathology-specific BI...

A tissue model composed of erythrocyte ghosts was developed to study the effects of compartmentation on the MR signal acquired from biological tissues. This simple and flexible model offers control over the biophysical parameters that contribute to multicomponent signals arising from cellular systems. Cell density, size, intra- and extracellular composition, and membrane permeability can be ind...

The population of cells that make up a cancer are manifestly heterogeneous at the genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic levels. In this mini-review, we summarise the extent of intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH) across human malignancies, review the mechanisms that are responsible for generating and maintaining ITH, and discuss the ramifications and opportunities that ITH presents for cancer prognos...