Background: Numerous unique characteristics of the nanosized gold, including high atomic number, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility make it one of the most appropriate nanostructures to boost radiotherapy efficacy. Many in-vivo and in-vitro investigations have indicated that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can significantly increase tumor injuries in low kilovoltage radiotherapy. While deep-lyi...

In breast cancer radiotherapy, the internal mammary lymphatic chain is treated in the target volume in a group of patients with high risk criteria. There are a number of different techniques in breast radiotherapy because of the variability of the anatomic region, structures and risk criteria in the irradiation field. When irradiating the target volume we also consider homogeneity of dose distr...

1Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 2Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; and 5Department of Internal Medicine, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland

BACKGROUND Breast cancers are more frequently diagnosed at an early stage and currently have improved long term outcomes. Late normal tissue complications induced by adjuvant radiotherapy like secondary cancers or cardiomyopathy must now be avoided at all cost. Several new breast radiotherapy techniques have been developed and this work aims at comparing the scatter doses of internal organs for...

Although much has been learned about the complication of fatigue during breast cancer treatment, the possibility that there are differences across treatment modalities in breast cancer patients' experience of fatigue has not yet been established. In this study, fatigue was assessed in 134 women receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy or radiotherapy only for early stage breast cancer. Compariso...

In nuclear medicine and particularly in internal radiotherapy, one of the major challenges is to determine the dose for each patient. Current internal dosimetric estimations are based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) formalism and use standard mathematical models. These standard models are often far from a given patient morphology and do not allow to perform patient-specific dosime...