The formulation and evaluation of diclofenac sodium from liposomes, niosomes and nanoemulsion are analyzed. The release profiles of diclofenac sodium were almost similar in all the formulations. It is found that 85% of diclofenac sodium diffused out from the colloidal systems within 8hrs and practically all the drug was released within 12hrs. In addition to this controlled release, the similari...

An Improved Thermal Dilution Method for Measuring Jugular Venous Flow • The local thermal dilution method of performing serial bilateral measurements of internal jugular venous flow is significantly improved by injecting a bolus of saline rather than by using a continuous injection of saline. New thermistor catheter designs maintain the proper separation between the sites of injection and of sa...

Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis in dogs. A nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) was developed using published pCPV-2ab as external primer set and self designed and custom synthesized pCPV-2N as internal primer set for the detection of canine parvovirus in faecal samples of dogs. Out of 52 faecal samples, 27 and 31 were tested...

Sodium oleate reacts progressively with human red cells at pH 7. By progressive is meant a reaction which is not adequately described as reversible or irreversible; such reactions cannot be stopped once they are under way, and are probably associated with a more or less stable "internal" lysin phase at the cell surfaces. The uptake of the lysin and the effect of dilution on the uptake can be st...

The conditions of declining gold grade in the ore, increasing depth excavation, and de-creasing unallocated stock deposits make it necessary to develop efficient solutions for mine-to-mill process, which have be adapted each specific mining plant will optimizes production costs. Current research focuses on a case study that demonstrates how indicators losses dilution influence variation costs c...

The energetics and accumulation of solutes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated for cells grown aerobically in a chemostat under NaCl stress and glucose limitation. Changed energy requirements in relation to external salinity were examined by energy balance determinations performed by substrate and product analyses, with the latter including heat measurements by microcalorimetry. In bo...