Background/aims: Racial variation in the pattern of strabismus is known, but few large scale studies on non-white populations are available. Furthermore, longitudinal change in this pattern within a local setting has not been well documented in the past. This study aims to support the clinical impression that exotropia is more common in Chinese patients, and that the proportion of patients with...

Neural imaging studies have found the connection between strabismus and brain cortex. However, the pathological mechanisms of intermittent exotropia are still not fully understood. In the present study, changes of binocular fusion related cortices in intermittent exotropia were investigated with blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activated cortices induced by fu...

In clinical diagnosis, we often imbue medical disorders with distinct personalities based on a constellation of findings with little understanding of their underlying causes. Our purpose here is to juxtapose intermittent exotropia and accommodative esotropia and to consider the possibility that they represent a continuum of horizontal deviation, rather than distinct mechanisms of disease. Over ...

PURPOSE To describe the long-term surgical outcomes of bilateral lateral rectus recession in patients with intermittent exotropia. METHODS Retrospective review of 18 patients diagnosed with intermittent exotropia between 1995 and 2005 who underwent surgical treatment in the Ramon y Cajal Hospital. RESULTS Of the 18 patients with intermittent exotropia, 50% were basic subtype. All of them un...

PURPOSE Classic teaching suggests that surgery for intermittent exotropia should be based on distance/near differences. True divergence excess exotropia should be treated with symmetric lateral rectus recession. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of large bilateral lateral rectus (LR) recession in large-angle intermittent exotropia. METHODS Thirty-three consecutive patients w...

Purpose To determine if the deviation angle changes in subjects with intermittent exotropia as they alternate fixation between the right and left eye in primary gaze. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, 37 subjects with intermittent exotropia were tested for evidence of incomitance. The position of each eye was recorded with a video tracker during fixation on a small centr...

BACKGROUND Classic teaching suggests that surgery for intermittent exotropia should be based on distance/near differences. Divergence excess, according to tradition, should be treated with symmetric lateral rectus recessions; simulated divergence excess and basic deviations should be treated with a recess/resect procedure. This teaching, to our knowledge, has not been systematically tested. O...

AIM To examine the association of distance-near disparity with neurological disease in children with intermittent exotropia. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of all children with intermittent exotropia examined at the Arkansas Children's Hospital between 1989 and 2002. The study group consisted of children with intermittent exotropia who had a near deviati...