this study investigated the in vitro production of interferon-γ, interleukin (il)-10, il-12, and il-13, after antigenic stimulation of the cells (with leishmania antigen and lipopolysaccharide) using whole blood from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions caused by leishmania tropica and in volunteers with history of cutaneous leishmaniasis. elisa results showed that the mean production ...

celiac disease (cd) is an autoimmune enteropathy induced by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals who carry the hla dq2 or dq8 alleles. the etiology is multifactorial involving genetic and environmental factors, immune response, and intestinal dysbiosis. the innate and acquired t-cell mediated immunity play important roles in the pathogenesis of this disease, particular...

patients and methods il28b rs8099917 was genotyped in 263 patients with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and 244 healthy controls in tianjin, china using taqman snp genotyping method. the roles of rs8099917 and clinical characteristics in antiviral treatment were analyzed by logistic regression. results among 263 patients with chronic hcv infection, 223 had a tt genotype (84.8%). frequencies o...

background: about 5–10% of patients with asthma suffer from poorly-controlled disease despite corticosteroid (cs) therapy. methods: 21 severe and 30 mild asthma patients were recruited and underwent collection of blood sample. we determined whether there were any differences in inflammatory biomarkers between severe and mild asthma patients or not.results: levels of interleukin-8 (il-8) and int...

  Background and Objective: Preterm birth occurs in 8% to 11% of all pregnancies and is responsible for 75% to 80% of all neonatal deaths. Cytokines may be involved in the etiology of preterm birth through their stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. Cytokines may be released intocervicovaginal fluid during the breakdown of the chorio-decidual adhesion or from an inflammatory reactio...

conclusions this study suggests that the il-7 level of chb patients may be related to tfh cells. in chb patients, il-7 possibly increases the level of tfh cells and hbv-specific cellular immune responses and thereby reduces the hbv dna level. background in patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb), the relation of interkeukin-7 (il-7) to either the t follicular helper cells (tfh cells) or to a sp...

sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unidentified etiology, with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. it is characterized by a reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculin and common antigens. the balance between th1, th17 and regulatory t(treg) cells controls t-cell proliferation and activation.the th17/treg ratio in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid...

background: interleukin-19, a member of the interleukin-10 family of cytokines, contributes to breast cancer pathogenesis. high interleukin-19 expression in breast tumor tissues is associated with poor clinical outcome. this study aimed to assess the changes in serum level of interleukin-19 in breast cancer patients in comparison with normal women and its association with the clinicopathologica...

objective(s): to investigate the efficacy of interleukin 11 (il-11) towards the high dose methotrexate (hdmtx)-concurrent rat small intestinal mucositis and its impacts on the proliferation of the human t-lymphoblastic leukemia (cem) cell line. materials and methods:95 wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, the normal control group (a), the methotrexate (mtx) control group (b), the...

interleukin-1β (il-1β) is one of the most important cytokines which seems to have an important role in the inflammatory process in gingival and peri-implant tissues. the aim of this split-mouth study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of il-1β in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) and peri-implant crevicular fluid (picf) and clinical parameters such as plaque index (pi),...