Static properties, relatively intensity noise and intensity modulation response in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) studied theoretically in this paper. The present rate equations model consists of three equations for the electrons density in the conduction band and one equation for photons density in cavity length. Two equations were derived to calculate the noise and modulation response. Calcula...

Fluid microstructure nature has a direct effect on turbulence enhancement or attenuation. Certain classes of fluids, such as polymers, tend to reduce intensity, while others, like dense suspensions, present the opposite results. In this article, we take into consideration micropolar class fluids and investigate intensity modulation for three different Reynolds numbers, well volume fractions den...

Fura-2 is a popular real-time fluorescent indicator used to image intracellular, free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in living cells. One difficulty with fura-2-based digital imaging is how to best display the [Ca2+]i information that is acquired. Typically, only the [Ca2+]i as pseudocolor data are displayed, and the localization and intensity of the dye are not presented. This paper describe...

Communication is the method by which two persons can share any meaningful information with each other at an instant. It requires a sender who wants to communicate, message which is to be conveyed & receiver who receives this message at the receiver end. Now a days due to the advancements and technology, digital communication is receiving wide attention among researchers. Digital communication i...

We propose and experimentally demonstrate that the intensity noise correlation and the noise level of intensity-difference and intensity-sum in Stokes and anti-Stokes channel can be well controlled by the relative nonlinear phase in spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing process. By modulating the relative nonlinear phase, including self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation, switching t...

A theoretical model of wavelength modulation spectroscopy that uses a laser diode on a Lorentzian absorption line is presented. This theory describes the general case of a current-modulated semiconductor laser, for which a combined intensity and frequency modulation with an arbitrary phase shift occurs. On the basis of this model, the effect of several modulation parameters on the detected sign...