This Article will use recently decided intellectual property cases and other recent developments in European Community competition law to critically discuss the European Community’s traditional and strict pro-free trade approach in intellectual property cases. It will focus in particular on issues relating to the territorial nature of intellectual property rights. Part I of this Article examine...

whenever we are analyzing the intellectual property rights we shall treat the enjoyment capacity as a principal issue of the private international laws. the enjoyment capacity of foreigner on intellectual property rights is determined based on the nature of these rights on the legal systems. the economic nature of these rights dictates that the private aspect of these rights to be recognized in...

The "World Trade Organization (WTO)" is an organization that Pakistan a part of, the primary goal of which to improve international trade in long-term, sustainable way. What's more, stands behind “Berne Convention for Protection Literary and Artistic Work 1886” addition “Universal Copyright 1952” “The agreement on Trade-Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights, 1995 (TRIPs)”. On 1st January...

there are many agreements for transferring technology, but license agreement is the most important agreement in this regard. according to the mentioned agreement, the owner of patent or technology as licensor grants the license to licensee in specific duration and in a given territory. exclusive rights of licensor and the objectives of competition law, including the welfare of consumers or prev...

Studies with convenience samples have suggested that the lay public's conception of intellectual property laws, including how the laws should regulate and why they should exist, are largely incommensurate with the actual intended purpose of intellectual property laws and their history in the United States. In this paper, we test whether these findings generalize to a more diverse and representa...

these days globalization especially in the capital and property parts has impressed all fields of the law. moving towards private contract in overseas relations and adjusting the volume of standard contracts in relationships maybe largely elapsed the field of international private law. but the truth is that regardless of the main lines of this field of law achieving an agreement which is coveri...

in the past and before granting the inventors and owners of intellectual property rights special exclusive rights and privileges under the patent laws, the protection of intellectual property rights was possible only through a legal regime which could help to keep the know how and innovation secret. this regime, in which contractual terms are often used to keep the innovation secret, is called ...

The explosive growth of the Internet has created critical new challenges to national and international intellectual property policies. Intellectual Property protection has become the most important issue in Cyberspace. When technological advances has outpaced the law, several problems arise which require an approach suitable to the digital age. Several international conventions have been enacte...

This article examines indigenous traditional knowledge and intellectual property rights. It examines whether it is possible for South Africa’s intellectual property framework to protect all types of indigenous traditional knowledge against exploitation since financial considerations are the basis for the protection of indigenous traditional knowledge. The rationale for the examination stems fro...