Integrity checking is a crucial issue, as databases change their instance all the time and therefore need to be checked continuously and rapidly. Decades of research have produced a plethora of methods for checking integrity constraints of a database in an incremental manner. However, not much has been said about when to check integrity. In this paper, we study the differences and similarities ...

if we think of the graph as modeling a network, the vulnerability measure the resistance of the network to disruption of operation after the failure of certain stations or communication links. many graph theoretical parameters have been used to describe the vulnerability of communication networks, including connectivity, integrity, toughness, binding number and tenacity.in this paper we discuss...

a special class of cubic graphs are the cycle permutation graphs. a cycle permutation graph pn(α) is defined by taking two vertex-disjoint cycles on n vertices and adding a matching between the vertices of the two cycles.in this paper we determine a good upper bound for tenacity of cycle permutation graphs.

oxidative stress has been identified as a crucial factor leading to male infertility largely due to peroxidativedamage to the sperm cell membrane. cadmium (cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant and oneof the well-known reproductive toxicants. because of its long biological half-life (10–30 years), cdaccumulates in the biological systems. the present study was designed to assess the concen...

background: it is established that sperm dna integrity is essential in fertilization and normal embryo and fetal development. routine semen analysis gives an approximate evaluation of the functional competence of spermatozoa, but does not always reflect the quality of sperm dna. therefore, the evaluation of sperm dna integrity, in addition to routine sperm parameters, could add further informat...

background: professionalism is currently a chief concern across the continuum of medical sciences and there is a great deal of efforts to clarify its theoretical components and to measure them. for participation of iranian medical scientific society in this universal challenge, there is a need to explain and interpret the state of art of this topic in the world. methods: we selected the most re...

A systematic cross-country analysis of e-commerce activity reveals that although physical infrastructure explains much of the variation in basic Internet use, e-commerce activity also depends significantly on the "rule of law" and, secondarily, on availability of credible payment channels such as credit cards. These results suggest that an institutional environment that facilitates the building...

identification of rapid degradation of ecological resources requires effective environmental monitoring including ecological integrity assessment .our first aim is to analyze ecological integrity in a landscape context while developing a method to assess integrity in spite of a dearth of historical data. we used a spatial-temporal reference framework for land cover maps for assessing ecological...

A data warehouse stores materialized views over data from one or more sources in order to provide fast access to the integrated data, regardless of the availability of the data sources. Warehouse views need to be maintained in response to changes to the base data in the sources. Except for very simple views, maintaining a warehouse view requires access to data that is not available in the view ...